Evolution of programming languages
For there is a good man-computer interaction, there must be an intermediary, program. After the orders supplied by man in a machine -like language, the program receives the orders and instructions;already understandable. Then, an answer is issued, which can be presented or exposed through the output devices (screen, printer, speakers, etc), that is, it is a permanent interaction between software, hardware and human resource. In other words, the only means for human resources to communicate with the computer is with the programming language, which facilitates executing activities or solving problems.
As mentioned above, each of the programs manage to be executed by the processor as long as these programs are in the native processor language. To achieve management and avoid both error, these languages have been evolving presenting designs with languages that are increasingly resembled human language as possible (today words are used in English). It should be highlighted that the language that introduces the man who has been, the computer must always translate it into its machine language (binary system) which is the only one that understands the central unit. (Jimenez-Murillo, Jiménez-Hernández, & Alvarado-Zamora, 2015).
According to López-Román (2005), any programming language must be composed of an alphabet (literacy, numerical and special characters), vocabulary or lexical (valid or reserved words with predetermined meaning) and a grammar (the syntactic rules to build phrases sentences orinstructions).
The programming language are composed of the aforementioned elements allows them to handle the three components of every program which are the data structure, elementary primitive operations and control structures.
According to Jimenez-Murillo, et al (2015) depending on the complexity that the programming languages present when using them, the programmers have classified them into three levels:
- Low level languages, difficult to understand and each instruction is coded very similar to the native language of the machine.
- High level languages, for rookie programmers, English -like statements are used.
- Compilers, translate high -level programming languages from a low level one (binary code)
It is important to identify the difference that the source code and object code handle, the first are all the instructions written in programming language, while the object code are the set of binary instructions that have already been translated and that the computer can already execute.
The programming language has not always been equal to how we currently know it because it has evolved as society progresses, according to Jimenez-Murillo, et al (2015) in its book indicates that there are five generations, which are going toList below:
- First generation, called machine language, has only a programming language, native language or machine language, the instructions were written in zeros series (0) and about (1), that is, binary system.
- Second generation, assembly language, not to schedule directly into a binary system a program was developed to translate the instructions into machine code, it is low level.
- High level language are similar to English and facilitate the work of the programmer, to be executed the programs, no matter COM0 these have been written since they will always be translated by a compiler to the machine language, in this generation we find a lot of languages asCOBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN, C, PASCAL, etc.
- Fourth generation, user -oriented language (4GL, these languages automatically generate most of the procedures of a program, the programmer orders what he wants but not as it is done
- Fifth generation, natural languages, resemble human language more than the previous generation.
Within the programming languages worked in the third generation we can find the following:
- FORTRAN: (Translator Formula) created in 1950 ”is the favorite language of scientists, mathematicians and engineers for their efficiency, speed and use of memory” (Jimenez-Murillo, et al 2015).
- COBOL: (Common Business Oriented Language) created and introduced towards 1960, a language oriented towards administrative functions, of great portability and readability. (Wheat-Aranda)
- Basic: developed in 1964, Villarreal (1999) states that this language is very simple which makes it easy to learn by promoting an interactive environment. Today it is very useful for basic computer students.
- Logo: This language "introduces the world of programming in a graphic way, through turtle geometry"., Although “it has been disappearing since it is based on the continuous use of recursive lists and procedures, which are not easy to handle. (Wheat-Aranda)
- C language: developed in the mid -60s but it was modified until 70 (traditional C), it is a totally evolved language because I led to the language being independent of the computer, this makes it easier to share it from one computer to another, it is used in most commercial software applications. (Aguilar, and others, 2004)
- LISP: It is a very useful language for scientific and theoretical because they use it in the development of programs that perform artificial intelligence (Aguilar, and others, 2004);(Villarreal, 1999).
- Prolog: According to Trigo-Aranda, this language is declarative since it does not use algorithms but descriptions, that is, in a certain way the computer acquires “knowledge”
Already described the main programming languages that arose years ago and that are still handled, it is also important
- Object -oriented programming: it focuses on the creation of objects, such as a block of codes that can interpret the messages sent for your timely operation.
- VISUAL PROGRAMMING: The programmer should not learn the language or syntax but must select the step you want to follow with just handling dialogue windows.
Conclusions
Programming languages mainly seek.
Over the years the evolution that the language of programming has had plays a fundamental role in the development of society since it has allowed the human being to have a closer connection with the computer, creating techniques that facilitate understanding and managementOf the same. (Spector & Robinson, 2002)
As it is creating completely novel improvement methods, it was involved with business educational fields and others, forcing the human to replace primitive languages with simpler and more comfortable to apply, such as basic, pascal, etc.)
Previously, only digital numerical information or codes were used but for some years it has been working to assimilate the best possible to human language, facilitating the use of programming that inexperienced person.
At the beginning of the programming language there was a certain percentage of error, due to the degree of complexity it is handled, but society has required an update where it implies the improvement of these languages, reducing this percentage of error abruptly.
In a certain way it is evidentable that programmers use programming languages to develop software packages such as words and spreadsheet processors, being of great ease for any person like this do not have experience in programming.
Bibliography
- Aguilar, m., Ormset, a., Rivers, j. A., HAFBOER, R., Zamorano, d., & Garcia, B. (2004). History and types of programming language. 1-11.
- Jimenez-Murillo, J. A., Jiménez-Hernández, e. M., & Alvarado-Zamora, L. N. (2015). Programming Fundamentals. (7-8, ed.) Mexico: Alfaomega.
- López-Román, l. (2005). Object -oriented programming methodology (2 ed.). Mexico: Alfaomega.
- Spector, l., & Robinson, to. (2002). Genetic Programming and self-Constructive Evolution with the Push Programming Language. Genetic Programming and evolve Machines, 3, 7-8.
- Wheat-Aranda, v. (s.F.). History and evolution of programming languages. Scientific-technical and academic authors, 85-95.
- Villarreal, s. (1999). INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATION. Mexico: McGraw-Hill.
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