Evolution of obesity in the human populations of the world
The changing environment in which human populations develop has an important influence both in the inheritance and the growth and development of individuals. That is why the study of growth is subject to particular importance to inform themselves about the health status of individuals at each stage of their life cycle, in this way the evolutionary transformations that affect the populations of numerous countries are better known. In this context, the physical development of children and adolescents takes particular relevance because their nutritional needs are more sensitive to environmental parameters numbers (Rebato, Susanne & Chiarelli, 2005).
It is called secular tendency or changes to the changes that occur in the physical development of one generation to another, however today, a broader meaning is attributed, to which a number of observable characteristics can be accused, norelated to random changes in successive generations. These secular changes are usually related to a better standard of living in which there is a decrease in infant mortality, an increase in purchasing power and a higher level of consumption (positive secular evolution) and on the contrary, whenTemporary regression episodes (negative secular evolution) are produced, these coincide with periods of economic or war crises (Vercauntan; Rebato et al., 2005).
Likewise, investigations in different parts of the world have reported a positive secular tendency in the body composition of children and adolescents, mainly in industrialized countries such as in North America and Europe after World War II (Cole, 2003; Hauspie et al., nineteen ninety six;Suffer., 2007;Order., 2013). However, in developing countries such as Asia, Africa and America of the South, there has also been a rapid increase in nutritional transition in recent years. On the other hand, studies in Argentina on secular changes have focused mainly on height and weight (pine., et al. 2005), and the works of Lomaglio (1997) in low -income urban children in the province of Catamarca can be mentioned.
This phenomenon could be attributed to the socioeconomic changes that have occurred in the last decades in which globalization, the control of wealth by governments and capitalism resulted in food accessibility depending on the demand of the consumer,depending on their income and their social level (massimo and Alessandrovienna;. et al., 2005). In this way, food industrialization changed living conditions, increasing energy -based energy intake and refined carbohydrates, and greater animal protein consumption with an elevated contribution of saturated lipids and ingesting simple sugars, that together with a lower caloric expense due to sedentary lifesty. 2011) as well as coronary heart disease, vascular and bone brains, anemia, neoplasms, diabetes, liver cirrhosis or caries (Contreras H.J. 2005).
The nutritional status of an individual can be defined as the difference between the nutrition. Likewise, the evaluation of the nutritional status of an individual, allows to know the degree to which the food covers the needs of the organism, the situations of deficiency or excess (Marrodán, Mª D. et al. 2008).
A constant alteration between excessive consumption and energy expenditure facilitates abnormal or excessive accumulation of energy, which is stored as fat in adipose tissue (there is an increase in body mass, especially fat mass and this is distributed abnormally),This fact results from the influence of environmental factors and at the same time can be enhanced by the individual’s genetic load (Guedes DP. Et al., 2011). In this way, individuals with this metabolic alteration suffer from a weight overload that can develop in an obesity (OB), which is considered one of chronic noncommunicable (ECNT) diseases, and is characterized by being frequent worldwide, exponential, affect both developed and developing countries, men and women of all ages and social groups (Barroso C. 2012).
Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the OB generates important expenses to the health system (direct and indirect), due to its complexity and treatment, constituting one of the most serious public health problems.
The body mass index (BMI) has always been used to know and classify overweight (SP) and obesity (OB), but today it is known that this data is not enough to be more objective when classifying the Statenutritional of individuals and derived problems that generate the poor distribution of fat in the body and have begun to work with another anthropometric variable that is closely related to the BMI, the waist circumference (CC), said variable isThe most currently used for abdominal fat estimation, which represents a risk factor for metabolic complications such as glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, among others. (Morales Angulo J.2016).
A global trend towards increasing body composition in children and adolescents is followed by an increase in overweight and obesity which affects the physical conditions of these age groups, which despite their young age already usually present metabolic changes ofadulthood (Wang & Lobstein, 2006; order a. B. 2013). The period of adolescence is of particular importance because in the development of individuals aspects of eating habits, such as preferences and passenger and definitive dishes, constituting the basis of their dietary behavior for the rest of their life of their lives of their lives of their life of thewhich will depend the nutritional status. Likewise, overweight and obesity in adolescents can also be caused by this age group is subject to rigid school schedules and extra -academic activities, in some other cases, young socioeconomic level young people administer their few economic resources to satisfyThe minimum family needs, which generates the omission of some meals, especially breakfast, which favors the presence of bad eating habits. The results of some studies refer as the origin of this problem in the increase in family independence, the desire to be accepted by adolescent circles and the advertising harassment of “junk” food, a situation that has generated erroneous food patterns (Castañeda-Sánchez or,et al., 2008).
In Catamarca there are no comparative data of nutritionThe eventual changes in the body composition of adolescents in recent years, in this way the objective of this work will be to address the analysis of the change of nutritional status in young students of two samples in two periods, 14 years apart, in the provincefrom Catamarca, Argentina.
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