Effects of municipal education in socioeconomic inequality
Introduction
Almost two months ago, mobilizations in our country, the social demands that the Chilean population demands from the Government of Chile, among the most manifested in the streets are the inequality that exists in the country, health costs and evil That there is public health due to the lack of resources and supplies, the famous cases of corruption in Carabineros de Chile, the army, politicians and relatives of these, a high cost of living, low and unequal pensions and in the main It covers in this essay, education, especially the privatization of education in Chile, as we have observed, which ends up unleashing social discontent, was the criminalization of the student movement that occurred on the rise of 30 pesos in the subway rate , this made people react to the inequality that exists in Chile, the students mobilized a country that was "asleep", according to the OECD, the inequality of income in Chile, is the highest after Mexico, the average 10% richest income of the Chilean population is 19 times greater than the poorest 10% income, compared to the average of 9.3 In all OECD countries, high levels of inequality tend to hinder income and social mobility, in Chile, six generations could be needed so that the descendants of a family located at the lowest 10% of the distribution of the distribution ofIncome will reach the average income, compared to four to five generations on average in all OECD countries, but does socioeconomic inequality affect municipal education? The answer is that if, then the reason is specified.
Developing
The gaps in the distribution of wealth with this unequal growth have not been rigged, the country has an extremely reduced welfare state and a commercialization of extremely high basic services that have led most Chileans, not only to classaverage, spending high sums of money and borrowing to access a "quality" education and other basic and secondary needs. The consequences of having a precarious state of well -being and an economic model that has promoted the privatization of education are reflected in various aspects of society, due to the poor distribution of Chile’s wealth, people have to borrow so that their childrenThey have a "quality" education although this is in doubt, since despite all the advantages they have, privatized schools fail to exceed on average public schools, then because they are the same results, why do it existinequality among students? According to the OECD, Chile has the second place with the greatest privatization of education, in 2016 37% of expense in education institutions came from private sources, a figure that represents more than double the average of OECD countries (16% ), OECD itself also emphasizes that in Higher Education Chile has universities with the second highest tariffs after the United States, in addition, Chile is the only country where the tariff of public institutions is higher than that of private institutions, This is a problem because in these privatized establishments they profit from boys and girls who want They have the resources to achieve it, in our country a low -income child is 6 times more likely to have low school performance, while in the Netherlands, this proportion descends to 1.5, for 2016, in a list of 64 countries where inequality is mediated, Chile occupies the ninth place in the list, leaving the above.
Chile is within the 10 countries that does not have a state that guarantees education as a universal right, but decides to leave this basic need to the market arbitration, transferring responsibility for families, seeing them as the only ones responsible for providing quality educationfor your children. Since the Constitution was reflected in the 80’s. Together with the above, we have the sad record of being one of the countries with socioeconomically segregated school education, which generates a strong educational inequality. This same organism stands out from Chile that “productivity and inequality are affected by the educational system, whose results are weak and unequal, and largely reflect the socio -economic history of students” (González, 2019).
Now, if the results of secondary education establishments are similar. Why do parents continue to choose privatized establishments? It is because they seek order and social security that this type of school offers. In this same context, the data shows that in municipal schools there is greater exposure to situations of school violence and social risk. Therefore, a second preference factor weighs, which is the protection of children. Along with this, private education provides greater sense of belonging and community of life. And in a world full of uncertainties, that sense of belonging becomes an appeal of invaluable value. Add to this greater expectations of continuing studies, and the circle of preferences is completed.
conclusion
In conclusion, the issue of education has been a constant in the political agenda of all governments on duty, but it has never been given a specific solution, we have observed that this distinction in education increases socio -economic segregation, the solutions that the solutions that the "DA" government, such as scholarships and gratuity, are measures that do not cover the number of students nationwide, and specifically many do not continue their studies because they are not prepared for higher education, in response to the thesis raised, it is Affirmative, socioeconomic inequality affects more than nothing to municipal education, this is the one that has had a minor contribution, there is a subsidized system that receives privileged contributions, because the institutions that had complementary contributions, which were contributed by the parents, today They are provided by the State, the government has done nothing concrete to reduce the socioeconomic gap that exists in the country, only give "patch" measures without solving Nothing, secondary education students remain in the same conditions as 13 years ago, either because of the low intervention of the State, few resources and few scholarships so that students can study, the problem is not that there are private educational establishments. The problem that the Government does not invest in education and therefore makes the chances of accessing higher education to students who come from a municipalized establishment than a privatized one and so that the gap does not decrease but maintainequally or increase.
References
- Castro, m. (February 3, 2019). Where does education in Chile go? Obtained from Diario Concepción: https: // www.Diarioconception.CL/POLITICA/2019/02/03/TO-DENDE-VA-LA-EDUCATION-EN-CHILE.HTML
- Uchile newspaper. (February 10, 2016). Chile, Peru and the United States: the most unequal in OECD education. Obtained from Diariauchile: https: // radio.Uchile.CL/2016/02/10/Chile-PERU-Y-STADOS-UNIDES-LOS-MASIGOS-DESIGACION-EDUCATION-DE-OCDE/
- Escanilla, c. (May 26, 2016). Chile is one of the countries with the greatest educational inequality in the world. Obtained from column/education: https: // www.ElquintoPoder.CL/EDUCATION/CHILE-ES-ONE-DE-LOS-PAISES-CON-MAYOR-DESIGUDAD-EDUCATIVA-DEL-MUNDO/
- González, p. (October 28, 2019). The inequality that aroused Chile. Obtained from Diariauchile: https: // radio.Uchile.CL/2019/10/28/LA-DESIGUDAD-WHAT-DESPERTO-A-CHILE/
- Head of Information . (June 19, 2018). Education with skates: Why do people prefer a private school before a municipal? Obtained from El Rancagüino: https: // www.Elrancaguino.CL/2018/06/19/EDUCATION-CON-PATINES-PORQUE-LA-GENDER-PREFIER-UN-COLLEGIO-PARTICULAR-ITS-ONE-ONE-MUNICIPAL/
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2019). How does Chile compare? Obtained from 2019 edition of Society at A Glance: https: // www.OECD.Org/Chile/SAG2019-CHILE-ES.PDF
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