Educational Interventions In Adolescents Offenders

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Educational interventions in adolescents offenders

Introduction

One of the challenges in today. In the world and Ecuador, criminal and recidivism indices by adolescents of criminal laws are increasingly high. The objective of this presentation is to analyze educational interventions in infringing adolescents to raise the quality of the application of penalty policies, which do not provide the best results and continue to be observed that more and more violent acts are committed in this populationvulnerable.

The issue of adolescent infraction raises the debate on responsibility;First, the plane of the individual responsibility of the person who commits the infringing act in front of the victim and in front of the society whose norms of coexistence are transgressed. Depending on the arguments for the defense, the socially organized reaction of the sanction is based, opening a social debate about the appropriate ways of sanctioning and the severity that the social reaction must assume in the face of the characteristics of the good that has been injured.

This opens a debate about the responsibility of adults in charge of adolescent’s training in relation to offending behavior. From the perspective of the social defense of legally protected goods, the issue of adolescent infraction places, then on the table, the discussion about family responsibility. However, with the proposal of these issues, the issue of responsibility against normative transgression is far from resolving;but actions are specified that materialize the educational and axiological nature of the interventions. (Ferrer & Capdevila, 2015)

Developing

Adolescence has been defined by the World Health Organization, as the period between 10 and 19 years of age, a group called "young population", this age range covers most people who are going through biological changesand the transition in the social roles that historically defined adolescence (Pan American Health Organization., 2010)

The term adolescence derives from the Latin "adolescere" which means "grow towards adulthood". Adolescence is that stage of development located between childhood and adulthood, in which a growing process of physical, psychological and social maturation that leads the human being to transform into an adult occurs. In this period, in which rapid and great changes occur, the person becomes both biological, psychologically and socially mature and capable of living independently. (National Congress of Ecuador, 2013)

The family and community represent fundamental support

Teenagers depend on their family, their community, their school, their health services and their workplace to acquire a whole series of important competences that can help them deal with the pressures they experience, and make a satisfactory transition of childhoodAt adulthood. Parents, community members, service providers and social institutions have the responsibility of promoting the development and adaptation of adolescents and intervening effectively when problems arise. (National Congress of Ecuador, 2013)

The crime in adolescents must be considered as a social manifestation that implies an extensive analysis of individual behavior;In the analysis of this social behavior is that you can find the explanations of the crime. Social behavior must also be submitted to the cultural, historical and economic parameters of the moment they happen. At present, the crimes that adolescents commit, are a feature or a characteristic of our time, but is probably a manifestation with particular characteristics, but that in the end does not differ from criminal behaviors of past generations.

The crime is not only a historical phenomenon, but a clear manifestation of violent resolution of a conflict. This inability to resolve conflicts by peaceful methods has been a constant in the history of mankind, which we can undoubtedly characterize ourselves as a violent story. The history of humanity is a violent story. (DR. Tiffer, 2012)

The crime in general and particular the infractions committed by adolescents, do not happen in a vacuum, but rather is the combination of different social, axiological, economic and family factors, which demonstrates the need for educational interventions for the reintegration of theseChildren, adolescents and young offenders of the law to society.

Educational interventions

Literature on interventions in boarding. In Ecuador, adolescents fulfill non -deprivation of liberty in the UDI and in the Centers of Infringing Adolescents (CAI), which are also part of the now National Secretariat of Comprehensive Attention to Persons deprived of liberty and to adolescents offenders (SNAI).

It is important to favor intensive intervention in a prosocial climate;This may be possible, by the combination of the psychoeducational model complemented by one of the cognitive models (behavioral or constructivist) (Dionne & Zambrano, 2009)

The development of interventions is directed to direct training in skills, attitudes and values with a more appropriate and efficient social interaction. Likewise, cognitive training is expected to facilitate young people to have greater skills to avoid aggressive and criminal behaviors. (Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality, 2011) The evaluation of the intervention application process was also studied through two instruments: (Ferrer & Capdevila, 2015)

1. Group evaluation tab of each session of the program, which allowed the registration of the degree to which the contents had been assimilated by the group;Y
2. Individual daily observation sheet, in which data from each subject was collected in relation to their assistance to activity, punctuality, interest, participation and verbal and nonverbal behaviors.

The main results, of a qualitative nature given the reduced group, were the following:

• The intervention had a positive influence for some young people to stop relating to conflicting friends (which constitutes, as well as well known, one of the main risk factors for the beginning and maintenance of juvenile criminal careers).
• Some minors were helped to improve their capacity to recognize problems, request for help to solve them, expression of feelings and structuring more realistic future goals.
• A substantial improvement of family relationships – children, as a result of a certain learning and self-control learning was observed.

Interventions are provided ethically, legal, moral, human and dignified. The work of professionals, are based on respect, the training of values, exemplarity and must be respectful, collaborative and careful. His base responses to the response in the severity of the penalty but in the provision of a human service.

This socio -legal research is then directed to create the right to regulate cultural phenomena whose nature and modality of empirical realization is necessary to know in order to issue norms that are viable in the conditions of time, way and place in which they must be met, in this type ofResearch three stages are distinguished: (Silva, 2002)

1. The formulation of the political end of the corresponding regulatory system;
2. The social problem that is intended to overcome with the political purpose;Y
3. The objectives aimed to achieve the end.

For the development of these stages, three types of studies are presented depending on the stages, which are: the exploratories, the causes and the descriptive ones, theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis, induction -Deduction and the historical -logical to know all theTheoretical foundations related to the subject and how the crime behaves and evolves in adolescents offenders of the law.

Interviews were applied to experts in the subject such as: Family Judges, Women, Children and Adolescents and Adolescents Infringers, Prosecutor for Infringing Adolescents, Technical Team of Judicial Unit of Family, Technical Team of the Integral Development Unit of Infringing Adolescents, was consultedThe documents and database such as: of income of causes against adolescents, satie system, daily income book, registration of adolescents of the UDI and records of the prosecutor of adolescents offenders of Portoviejo. To diagnose social problems, to meet the prevention purposes to improve social behaviors and overcome the political purpose of improving through educational interventions to achieve the objectives of improving their values, behaviors and inserting them into the community.

In the exploratory studies stage, on the basis of a deep bibliographic review, a documentary, historical-logical study of how this social phenomenon in the city of Portoviejo has been, from August 2014 to the present there are 189 offenders (studied population). The sample taken for the study represents 68% for 129 adolescents processed by different causes. Adolescents with suspension, judicial and fiscal remission are applied socio -educational measures, that is, they are referred to Integral Development Units (UDI)

According to the Prosecutor for Adolescents of Portoviejo, the crimes committed by the adolescent in the Portoviejo Canton, according to the Coip Crime Catalog are: Robos (17), Violations (9), Sexual abuse (8), Asecinates and drug trafficking(5), psychological violence (4), injuries (2), attack or resistance (2) and illegal drug possession (2). Among those of the lowest incidence of a teenager in each infraction such as: damage to others, homicide blame, homicide, attempts at injury, attempts at violation, intimidation, kidnapping, reception, abuse of trust and 11 registered with other minor crimes.

Adolescents who have been tried for crimes of: robbery with death, homicide, murder, femicide, sicariato, rape, extortive kidnapping, genocide, lesa humanity and organized crime, they are issued socio -educational measure (art. 370 Childhood Code) Private of liberty is provided in international adolescents centers (CAI). Teenagers who have been tried for crimes sanctioned in the COIP with sentences deprived of liberty of up to 5 years are applied to socio -educational measures not deprived of liberty (art 378 numerals 3 and 4 and art. 386 of the Code of Children and Adolescents), measures that meet them in the UDI. The UDI official in the interview conducted, said in her analysis that:

• The average age range of offenders is between 14 and 17 years old;
• Most teenagers sanctioned by robbery or microtrafficking drag a drug use, which occurs in 97%,
• Adolescents consumers and offenders are totally oblivious to their families, they do not fulfill their parents’ orders.
• Since October 2014 they have fulfilled programs (family psychosocial guidance and support and community aid) around 600 adolescents, as a prevention measure to improve their values

In the assessment of the instruments applied to expert and adolescent offenders, it is concluded that in current Manabí, of the 129 sampled, 46 adolescents are fulfilling measures or programs (family psychosocial guidance and support and community aid).

It is the essential reason why the judges of adolescents offenders and prosecutor of adolescents offenders of Portoviejo, has among its priorities the fulfillment of the program (family psychosocial guidance and support and community aid), carried out by the UDI;It is based on an integral reintegration of the adolescent, involves the adolescent and her family;training it in some trade and the educational system and society are reinserted it.

It is necessary to emphasize that since the creation of the National Secretariat of Comprehensive Care for Persons Private of Liberty and Infringing Adolescents (SNAI). In the causes of offending adolescents who meet socio -educational measures, they have submitted trade by making known the results of these interventions in the centers of infringing adolescents (CAI). This achievement that becomes an excellent initiative that allows evaluating the execution of non -deprivative socio -educational measures imposed.

Another way to evaluate the execution of socio -educational measures is to have a differentiated file of the causes in a row against offending adolescents, which must be exclusively controlled by the Secretary (a) of the unit, considering the application of the reserve principle and theunrestricted verification of the terms in which the imposed measures must be met.

Conclusions

Interventions both in the closed and in community spaces to favor rehabilitation processes in adolescents. The interventions must be differentiated to attend to the peculiarities of adolescents and the typologies of criminal trajectories in which they are involved, at the same time that they are integral to attend to the complexity of the maladjustment processes in which some of these adolescentsthey find each other. The process of verification of the execution of the socio -educational measures not deprived of liberty must be in correspondence with the final report sent by the SNAI, this determines that at the end of compliance with the measure, it is according to the schedule and commitment previously established with theteenager and her family.

recommendations

A specialized justice system for adolescents;In addition to meaning the fulfillment of international mandates, they mean the best way to guarantee and respect the rights of adolescents accused of violating criminal law. Use psychoeducational and contrarutivist approach to interventions provides a framework of reference and an appropriate methodology for work with adolescents violators of law, who are protagonists of their own change in all the senses of their life;especially if combined with contributions from complementary approaches that show their effectiveness in this field of socio -legal research.

The National Secretariat of Comprehensive Care for Persons deprived of liberty and adolescents offenders (SNAI), must communicate to judicial units with competencies in infringing adolescents, the guidelines and protocols for the axution of the corporate measures imposed on a teenager.

The National Secretariat of Comprehensive Care for Persons deprived of liberty and to adolescents offenders (SNAI), must have several technical teams to take care of the quality of this process and are responsible for the planning, execution, control and effective evaluation of the effective evaluation of theSocio -educational measures.

Bibliographic references

• Ferrer, m., & Capdevila, M. (2015). Interventions with young infringers within the framework of a judicial measure. Catalunya: Center d’Estudis legal and thirtzial formation (Generalitat de Catalunya.
• Antequera, m. (March 24, 2019). Control of violent behavior in youth criminals in the community. Obtained from infocop-online (http: // www.Infocop.It is/view_article.ASP?id = 2114).
• COIP. (2014). Criminal Integral Organic Code. Quito: Republic of Ecuador National Assembly.
• National Congress of Ecuador. (2013). Childhood and Adolescence Code.(Law no. 2002-100). Obtained from
• Legal Editions: Fiel Web 13.0 (www.Fiel Web.com) :: Legal Editions, 2013 Dionne, J., & Zambrano, A. (2009). Intervention with adolescents law offenders. Chile: La Frontera University.
• Dr. Tiffer, c. (2012). Teenagers and crime. Panama: Conference presented University in Panama City.
• Galvis, l. (2019). The Convention on the Rights of the Child twenty years later. Latin American Magazine of Sciences on Children -Juventud, 7 (2): 587-619.
• Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality. (2011). Success factors associated with intervention programs with minors offenders. Madrid: Research Reports .
• Pan American Health Organization. (2010). Regional strategy and action plan on adolescents and young 2010-2018. Washington, d.C: OPS.
• Silva, g. (2002). The socio -legal research process. . Dialogue Magazine of Knowledge No.fifteen,.