Distortion of dyslexia in the educational environment
Dyslexia is an evolutionary difficulty in the development of reading, writing and learning. Many causes have been attributed, such as the alteration of the brain areas of language and a genetic base, but has no link with intelligence. It is presented differently in each individual, that is, its projection affects each subject from greater to less degree, can cause alterations in speech, memory and kinetic skills. An early diagnosis is needed to be able to deal with this condition. Example of this is the difficulty in differentiating the left from the right, complications to read a clock, and even the existence of problems to differentiate sounds. The diversity of dyslexia has caused controversy in psychopedagogy because there are many dissimilarities between each disorder, and it is an issue that is still being discussed by its irregularity.
To understand the functioning of the disorder it is essential to understand how the brain works with this condition. “… The left hemisphere processes the information sequentially, that is, some data after others, while the right does it simultaneously, that is, many data at the same time. When reading, the two types of strategies are combined in information management by both hemispheres. But in dyslexic children, dysfunction or failure in the left hemisphere affects information processing speed, which incapacitates the child to process rapid changes in stimuli or successions, both in the visual and auditory area."
Dyslexia to reasoning is continually related, but this is not the cause of a low intellectual level, but of a bad learning practice. There are methods to regularize the teaching of dyslexic students, the main reason why it must be diagnosed at an early age since if it is not properly treated due to their evolutionary nature, the individual will be more and more affected. Albert Einstein, Leonardo Davinci, Hans Christian Andersen and Harvey Cushing are examples that there is no link between intellectual capacity and dyslexia.
Previous investigations link the acquisition of this disorder with the sociocultural environment in which the subjects develop, it is believed that there are greater cases in urban sectors than in rural people due to the surplus of population, quality of education and economic accessibility. This leads us to the doubt of the absence of this disorder, many parents and even teachers determine that the child does not have the ability to learn, this problem causes school drop -out and illiterate. Critically those subjects who were not diagnosed, commonly do not present motor problems since their dyslexia remains slight, are not provided with the attention they need for what they prefer not to study, it is there when an illiterate history occurs, until the day ofToday there are no studies that determine how many university students are dyslexic, nor how many adult illiterates suffer the same condition.
Relationship of dyslexia with academic literacy
Academic literacy is a set of strategies for the effective development of students in the discursive culture of university disciplines, said colloquially "learning to learn" focuses on the specialized lexicon to communicate with individuals belonging to a specific academic community, asThe scientific, specialized language, the properties of the text, critical reading and argumentation. The teaching of academic literacy is essential for the development of an enriched vocabulary of university students, since it regulates their development in advanced texts and increases their reading comprehension.
The main problem is to know how dyslexic students develop in this environment, the lack of data, information and previous studies creates a hypothetical image of what usually happens;Those students who enter the university ignoring their disorder are difficult for speech related to speech, writing and numbers, however, those students who were previously diagnosed can increase their cognitive skills in these subjects. Dyslexia is not an impediment to the performance of academic literacy at a higher level if teachers are trained to identify and develop strategies for their attention.
Distortion of dyslexia in the educational environment
Dyslexia manifests in a multiple way but its main characteristic is the difficulty of reading “errors, in fact, are frequent and caused by the low ability to discriminate similar graphemes (for example, b/d/p/q)and simile phonemes (such as b/p, v/f);It is therefore frequent that dyslexic replace words with similar spelling. In addition, dyslexic reading is syllabic and this trait tends to persist in adulthood. In tongues with opaque spelling, the situation is difficult due to the existence of phonetically similar words, this is a main symptom of evolutionary dyslexia.
The little existence of research on the development of dyslexia in university students confirms that there is no interest in disorder, and few are teachers who stop to identify it and treat it correctly. In 2010, the number of dyslexic students in Italy increased considerably, so Law 170 was added that allowed increasing the income of students with dyslexia to universities since it provided them with help and this facilitated their access to higher education. I emphasize that the existence of this kind of laws is not globalized, so that it would hardly adapt education such as Mexico, where it is preferable to send students to recreational centers for an evaluation, instead of training their teachers to distinguishmuch deeper signals, such as calligraphy, language and its interpretations. Why wouldn’t it be the most effective send them to recreational centers? Previously, present information regarding the sociocultural environment of the individual where it specifies that in urban areas there is a higher index of dyslexic children, however, this is why rural areas must be invisible, which in themselves have too many obstacles to obtaining an education fromquality. What is sought is to reduce illiteracy and increase the university index.
The methodology used by pedagogues to regularize dyslexic students consists of exercises that in addition to improving the lexicon, promote the development of critical reading and cognitive knowledge;As the phonolinguistic method that develops words from sound, which acquires skills to deepen and reason critically, improve accentuation and diversify the understanding of other languages. Another prominent method is the cohesion of prayers, which seeks to separate the words from prayer and regroup them to give it a clear sense, so reading comprehension increases. The primary method is the practice of reading and organization. It has been normalized that dyslexic students cannot perform in specialized careers in phonetics, linguistics or anyone who requires abilities related to language, numbers and writing, but this is not true. There are writers, novelists and even scientists who are dyslexic and served extraordinarily in their respective occupations..
It is important to mention that the location of students in conditions of dropout is essential for both the institution and for teachers, collect information about the problems that these students are going through during their university life would help improve the educational system, and promote research to registerStudent of dyslexic students. Demonstrate the ability and potential that these students demonstrate in their educational performance, to avoid school abandonment and bad learning strategies. Training teachers, would be a basic need in schools within any school level, and return to a plan to support students with learning difficulties to locate those who need assistance and train them to finish their studies.
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