Determinants And Personality Measurements

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Determinants and personality measurements

One of the ways to distinguish an individual from another, is through personality. Rodríguez states "that personality is the set of deeply incorporated thoughts, feelings and behaviors" and are supported over time, (2015).

Personality determinants

• Inheritance: it refers to the biological, physiological and psychological features that are obtained from the parents and can influence the individual. Some of these traits are: (1) Muscle composition, (2) beliefs, (3) behaviors, (4) stature, among others, Robbins, (2003).
• Environment: Robbins establishes that they are the external factors that impact the development of personality that is composed of culture, family and social norms, etc., (2003).
• Situation: It is the result of the combination between the aforementioned factors. It refers to how the individual acts, faces a situation based on how it has been developed from the family context and its environment, Robbins (2003).
• “Test” of personality: according to an article from the Latin American Technological University (2014), they are tools that auscultate the psychological features and personality of an individual.

Types of personality measurement

• Classic psychometric tests: These are the tests that are performed to evaluate the personality of an individual from the cognitive behavioral aspect, Sabater (2019).
• Projective tests: Images or elements are used where the individual indicates that he observes and through this, “he can respond so that he shows his unconscious conflicts that may be unknown,” Angeles (2020).

Some personality tests

• The great 5 model (Big Five): This test is intended to understand and measure human behavior;Based five in five fundamental areas: (1) Extroversion, (2) Conformity, (3) scrupulosity, (4) emotional stability and (5) Opening to experience, Robbins (2003).
• 16PF questionnaire: It is one of the most used tests, developed by Raymond B. Cattell. This test is carried out based on personality study but detaching 16 factors, it has no scientific validity. Some of the factors are the following, Sabater (2019):
• Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI): It is one of the most used personality evaluations, which in addition to studying personality, analyzes the psychopathology of the individual. Psychopathology helps discern mental health problems or other clinical problems, Bellver (2019).
• Rorschach test: Sabater emphasizes that this type of proof entails the evaluation since the time that the individual takes to respond, content of images shown and the ideas that arise in the individual’s mind, (2019).
• Myers-Briggs Indicator (MBTI): It is one of the most used tests in the business field, but not in the clinical evaluation, Sabater (2019). The MBTI test consists of 100 questions where the individual is evaluated as certain situations are felt and reacts before, Robbins (2013). Evaluate the following dimensions:

1. Outgoing or introverts (e or i)
2. Sensory or intuitive (s or n)
3. Rational or emotional (t or f)
4. Perceptual or young (p or j)

The dark triad is a personality profile that according to scholars of this subject, have determined that they present negative behaviors at the social level where they are extremely selfish. They act looking for their own benefits regardless of others. It follows from the following factors, Romeu (S.F.):

• Psychopathy: they are individuals who do not follow moral aspects and ethical norms, both are indifferent. His personality reflects cruel behaviors and very little empathy scratching in insensitivity and cynicism, Romeu, (s.F.).
• Machiavellism: The personality of the Machiavellians is a manipulation and with a "false" charm, they tend to achieve what they yearn, lying, cheating and taking advantage of others, Romeu, (S.F.).
• Narcissism: the individual shows and has beliefs of superiority, vanity and is highly emotional. They require attention and admiration since they believe they are in a higher or more prestige status at the social level;If not, they can experience anger, courage and aggressiveness, Romeu (S.F.).