Democracy: form of state organization
Introduction
The "concept of democracy has evolved over time from ancient Greece until now" (Mossé), nourishing various meanings and desires. Currently the "concept and assessment of democracy charges different meanings according to sociocultural contexts" in which it develops. We find for example the Professor Bobbio who defines it as "a set of rules who primary or fundamental that is needed is authorized to make collective decisions and under what procedures".
Developing
Another author points out that "it is a vision of a political system whose members are considered one another, they are collectively sovereign and have all the necessary capacities, resources and institutions to self-govern," Kelsen finally points out that "democracy means identity of leaders and leadersdirected, of the subject and object of power, and the government of the people by the people ”. Whatever the definition to be used, it is transversal that democracy is synonymous with sovereign people.
Transmits his power to a chosen leader among them. Democracy in its formal or procedural dimension is understood, in whom and how of decisions, this area must be complemented by the material or substantial dimension of democracy, made up of fundamental rights, which is closely related to the Stateof law. To the above, democratic pluralism must be added as a fundamental requirement, for the exercise of full democracy.
Thus, democracy is still understood as "the government of the people, by the people and for the people" (Lincoln);But this power not only translates into the election of their representatives, “but also in the subsequent sense that the people and all the people who compose it correspond to them the set of civil fundamental rights, of freedom and social, to which whichAll powers, including those of the majority are subjected ”.
As exposed in preceding lines. In contrast to the above, authoritarian and totalitarian governments do not leave spaces for the full exercise of rights, even violating first -generation rights, which have been diminished by a powerful whole that does not leave space for personal and social autonomy. The described supra shows us that whether it is an authoritarian or totalitarian government, the fundamental rights enshrined in political letters or constitutions.
As the case are merely nominative, lacking an executing. The same goes for democratic pluralism, which does not exist, since any diverse manifestation is seen as oblivious to the regime, being punished and even repressed through strength and violence, as in the case of Nazi Germany, theStalin Soviet Union or Mussolini’s fascism. The described, evidence how power becomes despotic, and corrupts its rulers, if there are no limits to power.
Thus, democratic governments, in constant study by political scientists, can suffer from problems, but one of their virtues reside in mechanisms for controlling power, avoiding absolute corruption and the exercise of rights. This is why the notion of democracy lies precisely in the set of limits imposed by constitutions to all power, which consequently postulates a conception of democracy as a fragile and complex system of separation and balance between powers.
Of limits of form and substance to its exercise, of guarantees of the fundamental rights, of control and repair techniques against all its violations. Finally, we must not forget that democracy is an ideal, and therefore perfectible, always being a challenge. Thus, to continue advancing in the development of our socio -political systems and in the conquest of new stages of progress for humanity, it is necessary to understand that democracy is not a closed and concluded process.
conclusion
We have new challenges ahead, keeping in mind the errors and shortcomings of authoritarian or totalitarian governments, and even horrors that should not be repeated. In this way, democracy is more than exercising the right to vote simply and, so that it flourishes, people must guarantee all fundamental rights and freedoms (National Institute of Human Rights), which are not guaranteed withinof totalitarian or authoritarian governments.
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