DEFINITION OF SOCIOLOGY IN THE STUDY OF MAN
The definition of sociology is not based on the unique study of man in community, or the problems or phenomena that arise in the world. Psychology, history, economy, literature, handle a single concept, in a certain field, present the problem, the determined, manifest their causes and consequences, prepare a statistic of their study and culminate with the publication of the investigation.
Sociology cannot be defined in a paragraph, or in a phrase, talking about sociology is to explain the phenomena present under a theory, very apart from discovery, explanation and all the study, sociology is the science that analyzes, which criticizesAnd what do you think. Anthony Giddens in his book ‘Sociology’ defines the concept and clarification which is the study of sociology, which establishes that ‘sociology is the study of human social life, of groups and societies, it is a precautionary and attractive company, having as its object our own behavior as human beings’.
Sociology has its beginnings in political revolutions, in 1789 with the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, with this revolution there is origin to capitalism in Western countries in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In this century there was the largest migratory wave of the times, the product of capitalism millions of inhabitants left their agricultural work, to undertake in industrial activities.
In capitalism new social classes emerged, the bourgeoisie as a ruling class and the proletariat as the dominated and oppressed class. This neoliberal political and economic model exercised activities on humans to the proletariat community, another way of slavery for the lower class people, where the human being was a work machine, which subsist with a salary below the basic salary. Capitalism generated several social and ecological problems: such as pollution, the urbanization of societies and several manifestations of the working class. The surgeons of these political, economic, social and cultural manifestations generated concern in sociologists Augusto Comte, Emily Durkheim and Georg Simmel.
These sociologists opposed Marx’s thoughts by establishing another type of society, who worries about the good living of individuals. For Comte and Durkheim, the exploitation to the proletariat, to be resolved in the same system, that is, to find a solution within capitalism, this theory was known as the utopian socialism of Saint – Simon, he raised in his work the organizer, which the elitesThey must handle society, but also build a fair society for man. For Karl Marx, the only solution was to eliminate capitalism, indoctrinate the labor people so that through an armed revolution, establish a socialist society, a society that respects labor rights, and manages good living. Sociology from Comte’s positivist point of view.
It is the positive study of fundamental laws, specifically to social phenomena. There are two basic problems facing sociology.
- The structure or construction of society in its constant conditions.
- Social development and laws Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups, focuses on the study of social relations, and analyzes how these relationships influence the evolution of society and change it, the study of thereality has established contradictory schools and paradigms, but with the only function of explaining the human processes, problems, phenomena and behaviors, which are generated in society.
This science when studying society and its reality does not have a fixed object, as Theodore W points out. Adorno where sociology defines is the set of reflections on social aspects within any specific field;Reflections that cover from the simple finding of theories about social totality.
Sociology as well as social science, it can never be a discipline that is defined by a fixed object, as is usually found in the rest of the sciences. And I think that only the essence of sociology can be followed if this disciplinary nature of sociology is known from the beginning.
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