Declaration of Independence and the North American Constitution
Introduction
The independence of the settlers in North America began not with the proclamation of the independence of July 1776, but much earlier with events that framed, for the new nation, the importance of ideas such as a government with their own autonomy and the management of their finance. It was the protection of these ideas by an economic and socially privileged class to the emergence of the idea of the emancipation of the colonies, which led to the independence of the United States. As a result, although the independence of the settlers in North America dates from 1776, this is, in the result of the acceptance, by the pilgrims, to assume both economic and social liberal ideas, long before 1776 in defense of their freedoms.
Why was the American Revolution?
It should be noted that the first settlers who arrived north of the American continent in the seventeenth century were English, who left their country persecuted by religious or political ideas, that is to say the Protestants who did not agree with Catholicism and the ruler the King Jorge III In 1680 many immigrants from Holland, Scotland and France were arriving in such a way that at the end of the 18th century and at the beginning of the thirteenth century they settled in North America in 13 colonies.
The life of these colonies developed in a quiet way, having no more link with the crown that feeling English, united by tradition and custom they also ruled the only incidents that could derive from their conquering effort towards the lands of the distant West, that is, they were only English for their language and customs and also their spirit of conquest by the West, this was the reason for the massacre of the natives of this place.
Different economic interests, mercantilism economic theory located in England, indicated that the richness of a country was that a country export expensive products and imported little products and cheap, this applies in the colonies as if you are foreign countries, preventing it from being Make your own industrial products, that is, buy the raw material and sell the products within the states, in 1793 England crossed an economic crisis following a slut against France "7 -year war" where Canada and Louisiana obtained, however the Treasure was impoverished and to rescue the Parliament gave several read that it was ultimately began the American emancipator process, that is, the English Parliament began to collect more taxes on the settlers of Americans to reestablish their economy.
The laws imposed to limit the freedoms of the colony, which consisted that a seal was set, which should be present in all newspapers, printed sheets, lease and legal documents, whose product would be allocated to defend and protect the Corona, Wine Tax Law, the settlers offered resistance and in a first congress in 1765 in New York approved that “they had never imposed him and could not put contributions because they had no representation in the English Parliament and that the law of the bell had manifestations to violate the rights and freedoms of settlers "
Imported Product Tax Law consisted of an effective collection of taxes to imported products such as lead, glass, tea and paper whose amount would apply to the payment of judges, governors, customs officers and English troops in the colony , this law was issued in 1767 and was repealed in 1970 because the settlers refused to market these products with the English
The law of molasses which prohibited the production of sugar in the colonies and thus be able to bring sugar from England to North America
Actonation Law, imposed by King Jorge III, the obligation to maintain an English army from England in the colony was imposed, all these manifestations of oppression by the Government of Great Britain will unleash the disagreement of the colonies that never besieged English , since its monitoring and development occurred in a time of forgetting by the crown
How did the American Revolution developed?
After the 7 -year war, which was beginning in 1758 by colonial supremacy in North America and the Indies, that is to say who ruled on these lands, the United Kingdom came out victorious, obtaining vast territories such as in Africa, Asia and America. Great Britain represented a pride to wave its flag around the conquered world, without preventing its extension from the kingdom A deficit of more than 130 million pounds, while the administration of the new acquired territories would represent more expense for the crown, which were around 70000 to 350,000 pounds per year per year annual.
Due to the submerged problem that the crown was at that time because of its great uncertainty economy to Prime Minister George Greenville had no option to apply an “adjustment plan” as he called it but not precisely in Britain but in the American colonies. To do this, that the English government did more economic and political control over its American imperial territories. The British government tried to mask the adjustment, with the income law of 1764 recognized as the law of sugar, what in half reduces the tax on foreign molasses imports and increase in new products such as linen, silk, foreign wine. Increase the list of products that could only be exported to England at this time London became the intermediary of the products of the colonies, increasing their price and benefiting from considerable profits.
When implementing these new strategies to appease the economic crisis, it also brought with it a series of feelings against Great Britain, I did not know allowed paper money in the North American colonies and the obligation to maintain an army of 10,000 English men whose army whose mission imposed by the king was to keep in repression those who contribute to their sustainability that is, to oppress the settlers under the English yoke. But the event that unleashed the conflict that filled with the patience of the settlers was the Timbre Law, which approved the English Parliament in March 1765. This new tax lies in a seal what should be printed on insurance policies, licenses and wills without which any document lacked legal validity, this tax also fell on flying newspapers and even cards.
Timbres’s law became a double -edged sword that in its return would hit the English government directly, we remember that the English do not contribute to the extension of the interests of the crown, this measure meant the union of some colonies that had emerged far away of the presence of the Government of Great Britain. The representatives of 9 of the 13 colonies decided to meet in 1765 and made the measure outside repealed.
The dispute resurfaced in 1773, when the Parliament decided to approve the Tea Law, what grants the British company of the Eastern Indies the absolute trade of that product in the American colonies, leaving aside local commerce. The discontent soon arrived. In Boston, by decision of the governor I try. This act generated the anger of Great Britain that saw in this episode a challenge that is not tolerable for imperial pride and decided to punish their subordinated settlers, isolating them for their rebellion.
But once again this would cause anti British feelings, in an act of foaming, with Massachusetts, the colonies established the boycott that consists of buying, selling or practicing some other form of commercial relationship with another type of individual as a mechanism against retaliation by the crown that gave rise to a continental army, under George Washington, to face the king’s army. England sends German mercenary reinforcements, in addition to regular forces to deal with rebellion, this increases more the feeling from the settlers.
They gave the Head of Washington to join the third continental congress in Philadelphia in 1786 on July 4, the colonies signed the act of independence document written by Thomas Jefferson and signed by 56 bourgeois of the 13 colonies
The philosophers of the Enlightenment, Rousseau, Locke and Montesquieu, impregnated both the rebel propaganda and the declaration of independence and the Constitution, foundational documents of the nation.
At the beginning of 1776, Paine published a pamphlet incendiary, common sense, which would contribute to exacerbating the mood against the British: he argued that an honest man was worth "all the crowned ruffians who have lived". In addition, the low affection of him was appreciated by King Jorge III who he called "the Royal Beast of Great Britain" and pointed out the absurdity that a continent was governed by an island.
It seems incredible that the country that overwhelmed throughout its imperial history the human rights of half the world, based its democratic system in that romantic declaration of independence approved on July 4, 1776, which contains concepts such as: “The laws of the laws of the Nature ", which defends the" inalienable rights "such as" life, freedom and the search for happiness "and the right of the people to" abolish or reform "a government that threatens those rights.
Eleven years later, the US Constitution would be the principle of separation of powers proposed by Montesquieu. The power would be divided into three: an executive, exercised by a president; a legislative, composed of two cameras, and a judiciary.
After the victory of the settlers in the Battle of Saratoga, France would sign the alliance with the rebels in February 1778 and would go into war against Great Britain. Spain would join the French shortly after. One of the French combatants, the Marquis de Lafayette recognized in the American revolution the beginning of a new era: “The era of the American revolution, which can be considered as the principle of a new social order for the entire world, is properly speaking the Era of the Declaration of Rights " . Jacques Pierre BrisSot, one of the leaders of the Gironda, will prophesy: "The American Revolution has produced the French Revolution: this will be the sacred focus of which the spark that will set the nations whose masters dare to approach it" will take on.
What were the contributions to humanity?
- Politically: illustrated ideas, the division of powers and free choice by citizens of political positions was proclaimed, that is, anyone could decide for who votes and if he could exercise the public office.
- Socially: Right statements such as equality, freedom and the right to happiness appear, before the law we are all equal.
- Economically: A free and non -mercantilist economy appears there will be the purchase and sale market.
- Culturally: The Illustrated Ideas is carried out and works, America becomes a log model in European societies and Spanish colonies, the revolution is possible that is to say the 13 colonies were the first to make a revolution and be independent of its conquering country, this was of great example for other countries.
- For the first time a colony was emancipated that is to say refused to the oppression of its conquering country and began to emerge as a new country.
- He demonstrated the success of the constitutional republican government, that is, they become independent and create a new social republican model, that is, they had presidents, cameras, representatives.
- The fundamental principles of the Constitution contain the declaration of the rights of man.
- The Constitution was translated into Spanish to give initiative, to the other Spanish colonies for its independence.
- The United States of America emerged as a federal state or as a nation of independent states, which is a constitution for all nation, although its independent states have an individual constitution.
conclusion
The most representative contribution for the American revolution in its legacy was the Constitution of the United States, is a document with a liberal and individualistic ideal that admits the new government, this generates a process of confrontation between two different currents, the federalists who wanted a centralized government and on the other hand, non -federalists who did not agree with a form of government where it was above the individual states, state power was one of the reasons why independence was given, the federalist managed to impose A liberal cutting government by the hand of Washington and Franklin, the declaration of the rights made at the Bill of Rights that contains the first amendments of the Constitution in which new reforms were included to protect political freedoms for the new nation.
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