Criminology as a science that prevents crime
Introduction
Criminology is an Inter and Multi-Disciplinary science in order to study, analyze, intervene and prevent crime, criminal and crime. Its purpose would be to study all those behaviors that deviate from what is normally accepted by society, the one that threatens social integrity, and that the human being is a biopsychosocial being. “Criminology is the set of empirical knowledge about crime, the offender, socially negative behavior and about behavior controls. (Kaiser, 1988, 25) ".
Developing
Human behavior must be explained as a phenomenon that covers biological, psychological and sociological aspects. That is why, it is important to point out being a social science, all explanations about the criminal phenomenon are based on the observation of reality through the scientific method. To classify the requirements of a behavior as crime, the following elements could be: typicity, antijuricity and guilt. However, it should be noted that Criminology studies try to have a prevention and control of crimes and people who have committed a crime before society. In order, to obtain a solution to the problem of crime and using the various means of intervention.
A sin is a thought, word or action that, in a certain religion, is considered to be against the will of God or the precepts of that religion. For example: the Hammurabi code for the people of Babylon was a social control exercised with mechanisms of repression and intimidation. An individual and direct justice, exercised by the victim or their relatives, or tribe to someone extinguish. For this time, the death penalty was the most frequent, even for laziness, false testimonies or minor crimes. The Hammurabi code does not distinguish between Civil Law and Criminal Law. Therefore, they considered that the punishment held the individual responsible for their actions based on the free will that grants the reason. At this time, punishments towards people who committed a crime or did not obey the law that was written in the stone (ten commandments), was full of torture, fines and deaths, revenge, and public shame. However, when we talk about a crime (crime) it is a human act that violates criminal laws, therefore, someone has to do or omit something and the damage that is caused.
There are certain criteria that have been used long before. The society to identify a criminal and look at their physical characteristics. The father of Criminology, Cesar Lombroso, after studying his mental health patients, concluded that criminals could be identified by certain physical features characteristic of a lower human. Therefore, his theories focused on being observable and his book "The Criminal Man" label criminals for the bulk and size of their bones, skin color, tattoos, arms long, ears size, skin typeand moral insensitivity. Currently, criminals are many times for photographs or drawings having the characteristics of the individual to identify. Also, after the evolution of technology, other methods have been created that have been able to help this process.
The classical and neoclassical school see the offender as a rational, free will, and that could act voluntarily and intelligently. The classical school was based on a right that was already established by the human being, but proposes the humanization of punishment and limitation of abuse in the application of laws by the State. Therefore, your approach is directed directly to legal norms and not to social situations. That is, it is that the religious sphere is not involved with the crime or with the offender.
The neoclassical school does not go away from the concepts of the classical school, but talked about how crime can be reduced, prevented or eliminated through stricter practices in children’s youngsions, increase surveillance and safety, and improved punishments improved. Therefore, his concepts was the complete denial of freedom and that an increase in prison sentences to all crimes were charged.
The importance of the "punishment and sorrow" essay by Cesar Beccaria in 1764, argues us about social control, which means that it covers the different means to ensure that citizens have a behavior to specific social norms and expectations. Therefore, Beccaria opt for this concept and explained that the laws must be clear, simple and precise so that there is no confusion, as well as, the penalties must be subjected by equality to any individual. “The laws are conditions with which independent and isolated men joined in society, fatigued of living in a continuous state of war and enjoying a freedom turned into useless due to the uncertainty of conserving it;They sacrificed a part of it to enjoy the remaining with certainty and tranquility ”(C. Beccaria, 1764). Beccaria postulates in their work have maintained a connection with modern criminal laws. Currently, in criminal law, the most common treatments offered in criminal institutions have been included in order to improve the individual in order to reintegrate it, socially readjust it, a reeducation and sanction.
Timmer states: “A definition of crime represents legal conditions under which the State, as an instrument of an economically dominant class, exercises its power to punish."Personally, I agree with this statement. The company revolves around the economy and having the power to control the above can control the world in different ways. There is a capacity as great as they move inside the policies that are the people who have power, and that is why criminal inequalities and many other things arise.
conclusion
In short, criminology is relative to each one, since we think different about the postulates of the different authors. Also, each of the theories have an important point and after the world has evolved, it has been seen that some have still been in connection with the current ones. It is important to know beyond and carry out good social control.
References
- Ramos, c. (2015). Cesare Beccaria postulated. Retrieved 9 December 2020, from https: // prezi.com/zkvguh1SO35W/Cessare-Beccaria-Postulados/
- Berduido Mendoza, H. Retrieved 9 December 2020, from https: // hectorberducido.Files.WordPress.com/2008/05/N-Criminologia-Ciencia-Empirica.PDF
- Vega, e. (2020). Criminology as science. Unit i. PDF, Blackboard Inter -American University, Puerto Rico.
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