Contemporary and social history
Introduction
The Convention was occupied with the report of the Institutional Committee chaired by Concordet. There was no agreement between the revolutionaries that supported the imposition of a Republic in France and the counterrevolutionaries that supported the resistance of the monarchy in France. French revolutionary groups that defend the imposition of a Republic in France and that compared to the counterrevolutionaries, this is much more radical. Counterrevolutionary groups that strengthen the imposition of a king in France in addition to defense to the nobility and clergy.
Developing
Differences between revolutionaries and counterrevolutionaries
Revolutionaries
On the part of the revolutionaries, everyone who did not accept the revolution did not accept the abolition of the constitutional clergy with which they were called "intruders". Term with which reference is made to those individuals who supported the clergy.
Counterrevolutionary
- Defend Catholicism and monarchy in France, in addition to the opposite of the revolutionaries, they were divided into groups called Chuanería and the Vendée, the French monarchy was increasingly seen with more opportunities to be destroyed which caused the increase in tensionsthus causing "the wars of the Vendée". Group led and directed by Jean Chouan, main pillars of the counterrevolutionary groups. Group led and directed by Jaques Cathelineau, Charles de Banchamp, Henri de la Rochejaquelein, in this order also called "Catholic and real army".
– Chuanería: Chuanería was divided into areas such as, La Maine, Brittany, Baja Normandía and a part of the Turaine. The chuanería was involved by multiple peasant revolts and were supported by a part of the church, noble, peasants and bourgeois that contradicted the groups that decreed the national convention on February 24, 1793, and to taxes thus creating the “revolt ofLos Chuan ”who were directed and led by Jean Chouan, one of the main counterrevolutionary leaders of the French Revolution. Convention of the French Revolution with a Constituent Assembly.
-The Vendée: It is born south of the Loira, it is a group that predominated the surprise attacks thus causing its first victories against the Republican revolutionaries.
Motto: My soul belongs to God and my King’s body.
– The Vendée is characterized by:
– Great land, said region called El Marais, network of dams and channels of such hindering the locomotion, opposition of military operations that supposed almost unbeatable obstacles to them. Region located south of Saint Denis near what we know today as Paris.
The insurrectional movement broke out in Britain in 1791, because feudalism had not ended in Great Britain. The great lords of the Middle Ages granted through contracts their land to vassals, people to whom they had to cultivate the feudal lord in addition to the provision of their services. On April 30, 30000 men who concentrated on Cholet, gave a series of battles thus cleaning the enemies El Bocage. Territory located northeast of Nantes. On May 9 and 13, it was:
- · PARTENAY FALL
- · Chataigneraie fall
On December 10, 1793, the arrival of republican reinforcements to Le Mans panic among the saleanos, who tried to take refuge in the city. Hard resistance by part of the vandeanos, but ended up giving in. About 26.000 men by the Convention launched on October 15 on Cholet, however, two days later, 40.000 sells made a counterattack on cholet.
The forces of the Vendée retreated several populations on the shores of the Loira. Result, thousands of dead and injured. Cholet, which had between 26.000 and 27.000 elite soldiers, who with great success managed to achieve neutralization, even with the clear decrease in troops by Republicans to the Vandeano army.
On October 18, 1793, General Rochejaquelein, along with 80000 people crosses the Loira and triggers Operation Galerna. La Vendée continued its advance towards the north, towards the boundary of Brittany with Normandía. The vandeanos will attack the port of Granville. On November 14 the attack on Granville begins. However there is no British ship in the port waiting for the insurgents. Which will cause the insufficiency of the support of the Vendée and its end.
The National Convention decreed the constitution of a revolutionary court, which would judge without the possibility of being against a sentence to all individuals to act against the revolution. After crossing the Loira after his defeat in Cholet, he addresses Granville hoping to receive reinforcements from England. Will retreat towards Savenay. The Battle of Savenay marks the end of what will be called the First War of Vendée.
The insurgents, with the little hope of help from England he had promised, will attack the small fortified city of Granville located on the coast, but warned that their efforts would fail against fortifications because it will be missing artillery. The saleanos took refuge in Laval. There they built boat to cross the Loira, and managed to move to about 4.000 people 6.000 who had managed to escape before republican ships arrived.
We sell them that they could not go through the Loira had directed themselves to Savenay. About 4 were captured.000 prisoners, thousands of them were executed, thus causing panic again. It is in the center of France, and is known as the Garden of France. General Westermann, who received the nickname of El Carnicero de los Vendos, wrote a famous report to the Public Salvation Committee.
“I sell it anymore, Republican citizens. He has died under our free saber, with his women and children. I just built it in the swamps and in the forests of Savenay. Following the orders that you have given me, I have crushed the children under the horseshoes of the horses, I have destroyed women who, at least those, will no longer give birth more rascals.
I don’t have a single prisoner who can accuse me. I have exterminated them all. A bibones chief, named Désigny, has been executed by one of my officers. My hussars have everyone in the tail of their horses pieces of their banners. The roads are sown with corpses. There are so many that, in many places, they form pyramids. In Savenay there are constantly shooting, because at all times rascals that intend to surrender as prisoners. Kléber and Marceau are not there. We do not prison. It would be necessary to feed them with the bread of freedom, and piety is not revolutionary."
Toma de Tolón
The Republican Army took Tolón, due to the strategy imposed and introduction of Napoleon Bonaparte to the war to which he contributed a lot to the triumph achieved by the Republicans. The Virée de Galerne, Ou, Vendée Martyrisée. The insurgents won with the Republicans, between September 18 and 22, the most important thing being the battle of Torfou where the selling obtained more troops and that was decisive in the victory however they failedBecause Republican General Kléber played a good role.
Mabilais treaty
Lazaré Hoche went to Brittany in 1794, knowing how to fight the insurgents, he will warn the Government of Paris that he wanted to finish the insurrection of the saleanos that was so difficult for the Republic, they met the needs of Hoche. But the Republic was with a guerrilla war that was almost so difficult to end through a treaty as with the strength of weapons, and a country lack of government and an army without a general, not finding agreements. It is a military tactic of armed conflicts consisting of harassing the enemy using the knowledge of the land, with irregular detachments and through rapid and surprising attacks.
The War of the Convention, faced Spain with the help of England, against revolutionary France from 1793 to 1795. It was an extermination war, as in the case of the War of the Vendée that can be characterized that Suu Battle is most important is that won on June 24, 1795 less troops, defeating the French troops of Scherer, near Pontós, and penetratedEl Rosellón, thus ending signing the peace of Basel on July 22, 1795.
After the death of George Cadudal in 1804, he represented the death of the chuanería. There were some glimpses of chuanería such as the armed bands that attacked proceedings, facts that caused death some Chuan in 1810, in 1813, several emigrated in conspiring against the imperial government, they tried to disembark in Brittany, however they did not get it and died and died.
Origin of emigrants
Term with which supporters of the monarchy are known or simply to the persecuted (noble, ecclesiastics, who abandoned France when the French revolution broke out and who went to neighboring countries, mainly England, Germany or Austria.
conclusion
- French population extermination.
- Fall of very relevant zones or places: Cholet, Savenay, Granville, etc.
- There is no winner in wars.
- Involvement of other countries to war.
- Fear from the French population to happen again a revolution.
Leave feedback