Case social work and interpersonal relationships
There is no unique methodological model to solve a practical case in social work, much less there is a unique way of professional intervention, we must consider that different professionals can intervene in different ways in the same case. However, the intervention model presented in the previous table helps proceed properly (Chávez López, 1982)
In the intervention process in practical cases in addition to a methodical and scientific research process we will carry out the theoretical explanation of the same, since the professional must also have a theoretical content to be applied later in its development at the time of presenting any case. The dorsal spine of the social work intervention process with cases is the interpersonal relationship established with the user. Professional objectives as well as the application of the work methodology will develop on it. This professional-user relationship must meet essential requirements, among them we highlight the concept of empathy or "put in the place of the other", the warmth and the trust. (Robertis, 2009)
It is necessary to highlight aspects that facilitate communication and this can be constant, which are the complicity between professional and user and also the agreement that is verbal or written, this will allow the process of intervention security in the social worker and the patient to achieve benefitscapable of acting as reinforcers of a possible change.
The social worker with cases must gather the following skills: Creativity to know how to adapt to the peculiarity of each case;improvisation since the user is unpredictable;rationality that provides meditation and control to action;spontaneity that ensures authenticity;flexibility that avoids professional stiffness;methodological rigor that ensures professional position;intrinsic recursity within the application of the methodological process, technicalism understood as the adaptation of professional slang to the user and finally the patience that ensures the proof of professional activity even for long periods of time. (Barbero García, 2003)
The intervention process is formed by a series of subprocesses that will gain complexity as the interpersonal relationship is strengthened. This evolution begins with simple subprocesses such as information, through advice and support, to conclude with more complex subprocesses such as the educational process for change. In turn, these subprocesses evolve from non -directivity in professional action to the directivity in the same. The intervention process normally follows a coherence of action. Let’s see what this coherence applied in the methodological process above above. (Garcia, 2014)
These subprocesses are:
- Information subprocess: contains the general information acquired by the professional throughout their training and specific information related to the problem problem (user capacity and history, institutional possibilities, specific resources …)
- ADVICE SUBPROCESS: The use of all this information will allow us to be able to advise and guide the person towards the achievement of a change.
- Technical Support Sub -process: A space for trust and communication is created. Technical support can also be submitted in material provision or assistance format, either in economic or institutional matters.
- Supervision and Monitoring Subprocess: Accompany the professional at all times to ensure that the development is correct. This section implies the registration of the changes experienced by the user, conducted through monitoring interviews and the updates of social history.
- EVALUATIVE SUBPROCESS: Complements the previous sub -process, it establishes previous indicators in the development of the intervention, it serves to establish whether the objectives have been met and if the development of the case has been adequate or not.
- PERFORMATION SUBPROCESS: ESTABLISHED THIS ASSESSMENT The social worker can be seen in the obligation to derive a case, being able to be the definitive or maintenance derivation.
- COORDINATION SUBPROCESS: It is the relationship that the professional maintains to coordinate their plans, programs or projects, either with the institution in which he works or with other institutions, a fundamental requirement is professional respect.
- Subprocess Education for Change: The democratic line followed by social policies is reflected, it is tried to ensure equal opportunities and the fundamental values of social justice, equality and freedom.
We can analyze that these subprocesses are inclusive to each other, that is, the superior includes others, there is the option that all these subprocesses can happen in a single interview or can appear as working with the user is working with the user,The important thing is that the professional must carry out his intervention in logical order of all these processes, that is, it would be difficult advisor without having obtained information from the case.
It is important to review the contributions of the Official College of Social Workers, (1993). Distinguished between two forms of social intervention: direct and indirect. Direct intervention is one that requires direct and personal contact with the user;Well in the form of an interview, home visit, telephone contact, group meeting … Within all these activities the professional position that the social worker will adopt will be that of mediator and advisor;since this will act as the link point between the existing resources and the problematic situation lived by the user. This direct intervention translates into an accompaniment action in which the social worker and the user will work together towards the resolution of the demand.
On the other hand, the social worker will understand indirect intervention, as the one that takes place outside the interpersonal relationship of the user or family, not requiring his physical presence. This type of intervention is necessary for the evolution of the case because it implies managing, administrative, training and supervisory tasks. (Official College of Social Workers, 1993)
In the type of direct intervention, team meetings can be highlighted, studying the social reality of people, interviews, telephone procedures, training course, factors that contribute to well -being, among others.
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