Business responsibility in the Mining of Cajamarca
In the last fifteen years mining has changed in the country, as a reflection of a new business vision throughout the world. The factors that have influenced these changes influence the globalization of business and therefore any conflict linked to them, this is influenced by public opinion that has the greatest pressure due to transparency in information about the actions of companies (Quijandria,2009). However, in recent years in Cajamarca a series of social conflicts from mining between localities and extractive companies have been visible flowing confrontations that do not benefit anyone, seeing local communities more affected more affected. Mining investment in Cajamarca is very important for the country since it has great potential for natural resources that, when used properly, would be a great opportunity to promote sustainable development in the poorest local populations, for this a state is required with redistributed policiesclear that benefit the population set and regulate the extractive activity constantly, with an organized and responsible civil society.
In this way, links between the mining sector and regional and local economies can be developed contributing corporate social responsibility since the contribution of public opinion is sought so that there is equality in the economic growth of the nation. “The terrible social situation and the economic recession that Cajamarca lives has a very clear origin: anti-mining radicalism. In the following figures we will know details of the social situation that is lived today in that region. For example, today at the Universities of Cajamarca there are about 1,300 students studying Mines Engineering and 700 students studying geological engineering. Without modern mining, without the execution of CONGA, Michiquillay or Galen (which together represent more than US $ 10,000 million). Where will these young engineers go to work when they finish the university career? What life awaits them and their families? To this we must add the figure given by the Regional Government of Cajamarca-led by the Social Affirmation Movement (MAS), anti-mineros par excellence-that in 2016 employment in Cajamarca was reduced 20% in relation to 2015. Informal employment (no social protection or labor benefits) reaches almost 90% throughout the region. That is, the generation of employment in the Cajamarca region is in intensive care ”
For mining, health and education are very important items and pillars of economic growth in the country and therefore in the Cajamarca region, so you must provide better access to the quality of life and the future of the country being this aOf the alliances between the mining company and the State and these must be the main reasons that there is responsible mining in a country that is in economic development, with such emergence the poverty statistics in our region of Cajamarca and the rest should descend and the rest and the restof the country where there is extraction, but the negative part also occurs in society that performs informal and also illegal mining in various parts of the region, this being a big problem that stalks nature and therefore affects the health of the populationsurrounding and in general. Any method of extraction of gold is based on the movement of land, displacing a large amount of soil, and gravels due to the action of water used for the "washing" of the material these processes result in the increase in suspended solids in water, which affects aquatic life and the extraction soil. The population is also exposed to dust (silicosis) that floats or is suspended in the air permanently and full of heavy metals and mineral salts (lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic, among others), which are released from the rocks to bedynamited being enriched with cyanhydric acid that is formed during the evaporation of sodium cyanide used during irrigation leaching, not only affects eyes, throat or skin but also linked to other processes that indirectly affect, the suspension dust arrivesto homes and facilitate contamination of food, water clothing, etc. Not having a single space free of dust in the community.. With regard to basic education, mining companies like many others that support local educational development in different ways among which direct or indirect support in teacher training, infrastructure, equipment and materials in the impact areas, as well asSocial funds that give priority to water and sanitation as a source for the development of regional or national policies.
Livestock and agriculture have also changed throughout the presence of mining in Cajamarca having social problems generating environmental problems duepresence of heavy metals in high concentrations in 1998 more than those permissible by law, having representation values such as: cyanide 8 ppm (40 times over normal levels);Chrome VI 375 ppm (7500 times on normal levels);Iron 5900 ppm (17700 times on normal levels);and manganese 1750 ppm (3500 on normal levels). Also as a measure of responsibility invested in training and equipment of Sedacaj infrastructure as its own facilities thus avoiding excessive water pollution and saving civil and criminal responsibilities that would generate by mining extraction (Arana Zegarra, 2015). Thus generating the death of cattle, sheep and trout “rainbow” due. Prior inspection mining has been dedicated in productive development that aimsTechnical assistance, institutional agreements, implementation of technological packages and advice thanks to the agreement between Buenaventura, the Peruvian Institute for Technology, Innovation and Management (IPTIG), the Rural Agrarian Productive Development Program (Agroralo) and the communities. product of livestock activity in the area, as well as the expansion of the good livestock and agricultural practices plan. The objective was to improve the productivity of agriculture and livestock in the communities surrounded by Buenaventura. Likewise, workshops on crafts were held, so that communities can enrich their skills in other economic areas.
For decades, mining companies have supported the communities that surround them. The donation committees, build with school classrooms or contributing to education and festivities in favor of communities by calling these "philanthropic" contributions, because although they have helped relieve social tension, in the long term they are not sustainable and notThey attack the roots of poverty.
And they have had to hire professionals on development issues and create specific management. The terms "social responsibility" and "sustainable development" have become part of the official language of the main mining companies, and even the State. However, the main reason for all these policies remains the social pressure of communities to obtain mining project benefits. It is the maintenance of good relationships with interest groups that are key to the continuity of its operations The general trend is to work with populations that generate more social pressure in immediate areas to operations (areas of mining operations, transport and distribution) ofsuch a way that mining in Cajamarca is executed by contradictory with the concepts of sustainable development and social responsibility.
In conclusion, mining with social responsibility must also ensure natural resources for good livestock and agricultural production taking care of people’s health and integrity to avoid both social confrontations and environmental problems, always collaborating with the development ofEducation and being participated in the social since it is of social interest. In this way, the State must be more committed to eradicating illegal and informal mining to prevent indiscriminate pollution from natural areas, these being the main causes of informality that attracts great economic losses to the Cajamarca region and the country.
Bibliography
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- THE MONONERO. (May 18, 2017). Cajamarca: Mining, Employment and Poverty. Radicalism paralyzes important mining projects, pages. 1-3.
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