Behavior of hormones in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Introduction
In this essay I make a critical analysis of evidence on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) based on the network of diabetes study groups in primary care, who day after days monitor, control and publish medical advances to findThe cure of a disease that at the national level affects one hundred people due to bad eating habits and family history.
Developing
In the pancreas there is Langerhans islets, which have cells called beta that manufacture insulin in stages. The first stage of the process is the production of proinsulin, which is a molecule formed by a protein chain of 81 amino acids, and is the precursor of insulin. Beta cells process proinsulin, making it insulin. This hormone is stored in beta cells in the form of secretory granules, which are preparing to release it in blood circulation, in response to the stimulus of a growing concentration of blood glucose. A normal pancreas manufactures and releases daily from 40 to 50 insulin units.
Pancreatic secretion occurs in three phases:
- Cephalic phase: the nerve signals that produce gastric secretion also stimulate the release of acetylcholine in the vágal nerve endings of the pancreas;This occurs around 20% of pancreatic enzymes after a meal.
- Gastric phase: the nerve stimulation of pancreatic secretion continues, adding another 5 to 10% of the enzymes segregated after a meal.
- Intestinal phase: When the chimo penetrates the small intestine, pancreatic secretion becomes copious, mainly in response to hormone secretion. In addition, cholecystoquinine induces an even greater increase in enzyme secretion.
The journey of insulin and glucagon as a function on glucose is the main fuel, for all body tissues. The brain uses 25% of the total body glucose. However, as a brain it stores very little glucose, there must always be a constant and controlled supply of this compound available in the bloodstream, since the objective is to keep the brain working properly. In this sense, it is important that blood glucose level is 60 to 120mg/dl, to prevent a lack of supply to the nervous system. Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels, because it controls the speed at which glucose is consumed in fatty tissue cells, muscle and liver.
The effect on white cells is that the specialized molecules called hormonal receptors, responsible for recognizing the message sent by the corresponding gland, transforming this message, into a specific action, every receiver fulfills two basic functions:
- Distinguish a particular sign between different hormones and other molecules
- Transform this sign into an appropriate cellular response.
All known receptors are proteins that have a place or sites to which a hormone can be joined.
Among the alterations of type 2 diabetes mellitus we find what is associated with obesity. This form of diabetes is characterized by the inability of tissues Diana to respond to the metabolic effects of insulin, which is known as resistance to it;which differs from type 1 diabetes whose morphology in the beta cells of the pancreas is normal during most of the disease, accompanied by a hypersecretion of insulin. Taking the above, type 2 diabetes is usually presented in older adults, so it is called adult diabetes.
conclusion
We conclude that diabetes mellitus is the absolute or relative lack of insulin that results in abnormal fat accumulations and deficiency in protein metabolism and carbohydrates. The absence in insulin production affects the collection and entry of glucose into the muscle and fat cells. When glucose intake decreases, the body demands fuel and glycogen is released from the liver, raising the level of blood glucose even more. When these blood glucose levels approach 180 mg/dl, the ability of the renal duct to reabsorb glucose is exceeded and glucose is eliminated by urine (glucosuria). Since glucose is a diuretic, water and salts are excreted in large quantities, producing cell dehydration.
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