Armed conflicts in Syria
Introduction
The armed conflict or civil war in Syria is the product of a multiplicity of interests by government, civil, international actors, etc. However, since Bashar Al-Assad assumes as president after the death of his father, a series of revolts were unleashed by civilians against the decades of submission to a dictatorship and what began with a series of protests focusedAt more worthy deals for civilians, he ended up mutating a series of direct protests against the regime and in more extreme cases by the opposition, demanding the death of the dictator. From historical events such as the outcome of the First World War, the Middle East, has been the target of various interests by foreign nations.
Developing
As reflected in the agreement that, at the end of the conflict, distributed the territorial domain of the ancient Syria between two countries: United Kingdom and France, which marked an important moment for the future government structure. Considering the previous events, and when the new Syrian State is formed, it can be seen that the cultural identity of the Nation is characterized by ethnic, religious and historical diversity, implying that this could be a difficulty factor in understanding collective interests. Secret agreement to define the proposals of influence and control of the two countries in the next East in the event that the triple entente obtained the victory against the Ottoman Empire in the First World War.
In the first years of articulation, the region was characterized by carrying a fairly complex internal policy, which was marked by multiple states blows in the taking of power and by the presence of a political party of unique status. In relation to this point, since 1963 the BAAZ party, which was founded in 1947 has led the central government with the convictions of a "Arab, Lay and Socialist Nationalist" political party ". However, Syria would have managed to have elected presidents in accordance with what was raised in his fundamental letter, but in November 1970, Hafez Al-Asad took power through a new coup d’etat, thus becoming the president of the Arab Republic of Syria of SyriaAnd I get breaking the institutional balance which was supported by the military forces.
Then thirty years in office, in June 2000, Hafez Al-Asad died and his position as president was inherited by his son Bashar al-Asad, in this logic, after forty years of dictatorial government in Syria by a regime thatHe had arrested the opposition by having the emergency status, these were enough to start the revolution in Syria. The Arab spring was and will be a social change in the Middle East difficult to understand, due to multiple factors: by the international actors involved, for the amount of social groups facing the same territory, and by the birth or increase of terrorist groups, bringingI get the beginning of the armed struggle between the government and the civilians, which is currently eight years and has mutating over time.
The prelude to the revolution. As mentioned above, Syria between the 1970s and 2000specifying in the Constitution, that the legislature must be elected within the ruling party and that the Executive was chosen in sole candidate elections. Before becoming the president of Syria in 1970, Hafez Al-Asad served as Minister of Defense in 1966 and Al-Assad came to power organizing a coup against the de facto president after disagreements about the country’s direction between the idea between the ideaof Jadid and the pragmatic of Al-Asad.
Within the BAATH party which shared the objectives of "claiming the existence of an Arab nation cohesive around a shared language and culture". Since his arrival to power, Al-As was aware of the position in which he was and the danger of his stability to power, therefore, it is prevailing that the security of the regime is above the security of the population andContinuing with the previous argument, Hafez Al-Assad ruled Syria for a period of three decades that was only interrupted after his death in 2000, where he clearly can conclude the existence of lack of political freedoms, which, whichIt agrees with Freedom House data, since, Syria from Hafez Al-Assad to the mandate of his son Bashar.
It is located between the range of 6 to 7 which means the non -freedom of the country with limits to freedom of the press, association, etc. The current conflict. To place the current events on Syria’s events, it was necessary. Now, from the rise to power by Bashar al-Assad, this was marked by high pressure from citizens and also by the constant changes that he had to make in his mandate, when assuming the position due to the death of his father, this was validated by a referendum and the vast majority of votes were from the Baaz party, but this exposes the lack of democratic limits in the country, since it was practically inheriting a military regime.
The existing legislature belongs to the single party and the electoral competition is very limited because as the fundamental letter maintains, the candidates must belong to the Baaz party. In this sense, Arab spring marked a before and after in history, where not only violent clashes and civilians’ deaths were caused, but also generated instability in the international community. What was intended with this series of demonstrations by civilians was to stop the dictatorial regime and these protests were replicated throughout the Middle East until reaching Syria, but President Bashar al-Assad without repair confronted them with themilitary. Initially, civilians were not carried out with the aim of formally eliminating the government.
But "fighting for respect and dignity towards young people who were being abused by the regime", but soon the Arab spring became the beginning of a fight against corruption, and, in this sense, the president decided to counteract theprotests with the use of violence in legitimate defense to eliminate the possible loss of power, and at best to avoid jail, but their death by civilians. After the protests, the strategy to use was to deprive all civilians who altered the order, so that the control was exercised based on fear and terror, thus releasing a war between the government against the Syrian people. One of the reasons that has made war extensive is that there are more and more people involved.
They fight to defend their own interests instead of reaching a consensus on the situation in Syrian society. Therefore, this conflict has mutated in convenience, since, initially they were the government forces against civilians, then Iran entered and all the groups that respond to their government. According to Amnesty International data, air attacks were carried out against the Islamic State in the north and east of Syria, killing and hurting hundreds of civilians, which complements data from the United Nations Fund for Children referring to Syrian childrenthat, in the three years after the conflict, around 6.5 million Syrian children have been affected in different kinds (UNICEF). Also, “other armed opposition groups that fought fundamentally against government forces.
As the Islamic movement YAYSH al Islam, controlled or disputed areas in the Damascus governorates, sometimes fighting each other, in addition torture and other ill -treatment continued to cause a high number of deaths and causing more tension to the conflict ”. Of dictatorial theory. To make a recap, since Bashar al-Asu assumes power after the death of his father and after four decades of dictatorial government in Syria by a regime that had repressed the opposition and any possibility of citizen initiative, conflicts were unleashedthat at the beginning they did not have the purpose of exterminating so to speak the current dictatorial government, but that a better and more humanitarian treatment was sought with the captive victims by the regime.
However, after the passage of time this became an ideal scenario for multiple conflicts of interest instead of reaching a consensus on the current situation of the Syrian people where a civil war was triggered that currently remains for eight years. As mentioned above, violence and terror was a defense resource by the president to eliminate the possible loss of power, and in the best case to avoid jail or its execution in the hands of the people, in this sense,The literature and specifically Jennifer Gandhi that in the case of the military regime as is the case of Syria, it is essential that "armed forces must neutralize threats and in the case of their closest circle, take advantage of their cooperation to govern".
In this sense, here are the two major problems in which the dictator is faced and that when taking power by force they do not have legitimate aspects and must permanently deal with conspirators who threaten their survival, therefore, it is prevailingthat the dictators govern with nominally democratic institutions in order to prepare laws that can support and validate it in office, giving a more democratic aspect to the regime, in addition to these institutions as much as the legislatures and parties can advise and advise on thedecisions made by these dictators. The existence of these institutions in the regime as much as a formal body or existence of jure are elements that support the dictator and serve to mobilize.
conclusion
Control the population by reducing the risk of a rebellion and establishing limits to the possible threat of the elite. However, in the case of Syria it was impossible to stop the civil war that has produced the humanitarian crisis of greater proportions because the various actors involved have resulted in a multiplicity of conflicts of interest, but perhaps the explanatory factor to understand theCurrent state of the conflict is that the opposition to the regime and the Baaz party do not have a strong program that is able to unite the country in a plan that directly focuses on the problems faced by Syrian citizens and do not depend only on interest, complementingThat the excessive use of violence by the Bashar regime is not enough to mitigate the demands of these opposition groups.
Bibliography
Alba, a. (2016) Sykes-Picot, the secret pact that changed the Middle East.
Devlin, j. (1991) The Baath Party: Rise and Metamorphhosis. The American Historical Review.
Gandhi, J (2008). Political Institutions Under Dictorship. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Seale, P (1989). Asad: The Struggy for the Middle East, California, University of California Press.
Yassin, r. (2016). Burning country. Syrian in Revolution and War. London, England.
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