Analysis of the work The speech of the René Descartes method
The book was the scene of various ruptures and revolutions in the geographical, economic, political, social, ideological and pedagogical fields. During this period, human thought structures became intense research by the main exponents of philosophy. During the period reference was made to philosophy as modern philosophy from the 18th century to the mid -18th century, which arose in the period known as great classical rationalism. During this period there were great intellectual changes, such as the emergence of the subject of knowledge, self-conscious thinking and the valuation of scientific knowledge. In this period there was also a deep cultural and social transformation, which culminated in the rediscovery of the autonomous value of thought and art, or, it went to a new field of knowledge – scientific and technical – that can interpret the world and transform it. For the benefit of man. In addition to these factors, belief begins in this period in the fact that nature, society and reality are rational in themselves and are represented by the ideas of the subject of knowledge. René Descartes was the main articulator, because he broke with the philosophical and theological movement of the scholasticism and founded his own thought system, from which the subject thinks and not in the outside world. For Descartes, clear and different ideas are found in the mental activity itself. Thus, with the general notions, with extension and movement, that is, independent of the senses, they represent genuine ideas of knowledge. Descartes experienced the transformations that occurred in the scientific field of the seventeenth century, also known as the new science century, which led to the maturation of a new worldview and a new conception of knowledge that had already been adopted in European culture between Humanism and science. The Renaissance. In addition to being the century of new science, the seventeenth century causes a scientific revolution, which secularizes thought, constitutes a new cognitive model, elaborates an organic conception of the radically different nature from the past from the past.
Analysis of the work The speech of the René Descartes method
René Descartes was born in 1596, near Tours in France, he studied at the Jesuita de la Flèche school and in 1612 he left school and moved to Paris. During this period Descartes began to dedicate much of his time to the study of mathematics, in 1617 he began his military career entering Prince Mauricio de Orange’s army. Several years later he left his military career and spent four or five years traveling through Germany, Denmark, Holland, Switzerland and Italy. After that time, Descartes returned to Paris where he remained two years and continued his mathematical studies and his philosophical contemplations and, for some time, he dedicated himself to the construction of optical instruments. Leaving Paris he moves to Holland. It was in Holland where Descartes wrote the speech speech of the method in 1637. Three Appendices accompanied this treaty: Dioptrique, Les Méteóres and La Géometrie. Through this work, René Descartes defined the foundations of the scientific method and introduced the methodical doubt of the certainties of the senses The book speech discourse consists of six parts. In the first part, Descartes makes several considerations about reason, science and method. Descartes begins this part of the book by reflecting on reason and seeks to demystify its content, giving it a more simplified understanding, which implies that the total reach of reason can be naturally the same for all men, provided that the method is used. . To rule out, his intention was never to teach a method that each one must follow to drive his reason well, but only to show his way of conducting his own. In the second part of the book Descartes seeks to elucidate the main rules of the method he investigated. To do this, he begins his inquiries entrusted to the scientific and ecclesiastical structures of his time, stating that the task of his research would focus on removing that confidence, and then replacing them with better or more or for them, after having adjusted them to the relationship level. From this perspective, Descartes examines and questions what he called the three arts or sciences that could contribute philosophy, logic and between the divisions of mathematics to their purpose. With regard to logic, their syllogisms and most of their other precepts serve more to explain to others the things already known or even, such as the art of Lulio3, to speak without forming a judgment of those who ignore that to learn them. . Descartes thought that only four basic precepts were enough. The first was never to accept as truth anything that obviously did not know as such, that is, carefully avoid precipitation and prevention and not include anything else in my judgments that it would not appear so clearly and clearly in my mind, that I had no motifs To doubt him. The second, to divide each of the difficulties that I analyzed in as many frames as possible and necessary, to be able to solve them better. The third, to guide my thoughts in order, starting from the simplest and most easy objects to know, to be ascending, little by little, as for steps, to the knowledge of the most compounds and even assuming an order among those between those. Naturally preceded. And the last one, to make such complete lists and reviews so general that I would surely omit anything. In the third part, Descartes seeks to justify his method and presents some moral rules. Because he does not risk questioning all moral habits and behaviors of his time, nor does he apply his method to morality. He points out that a provisional moral was conceived that consisted only of three or four maxims. Thus, he affirms that the first conditioned him to obey the laws and customs of my country, keeping me firm in the religion in which God granted me grace to be instructed from childhood. In the second, he promised to be as firm and decisive as possible in his actions and not to follow less than many with his opinions. In his third maxim, he emphasizes that his goal was to always try to overcome himself instead of fate and modify his wishes instead of the order of the world. In the fourth part of the book, Descartes deals with issues related to metaphysics and human soul. Using methodical doubt, the author seeks to doubt everything that comes from the senses, creating a conscience that needs to doubt, which somehow leads individuals to the conscience of their existence. From this principle created Descartes arises the famous phrase Cogito, Ergo Sum (I think, then I exist). The French philosopher became aware of the perception of the truth expressed in ‘I think, then I exist’ and thought that he could accept it unscrupulously as the first principle of philosophy. In the fifth of the book, the author considers his method and his applicability in medicine, in addition to considering the human soul and animals. Finally, in the sixth part, the author seeks to justify the objectives of his work and the need to advance in the investigation of nature, replacing ancient practices of speculative philosophy with practices that point to a more rational interpretation of nature to be able to dominate it. , it belongs to me.
Final considerations
René Descartes was the founder of modern rationalism and founded a philosophical current based on a mechanistic and materialistic interpretation of the universe, as well as systems based on human thought and reason. These systems made the theological conceptions and interaction obsolete between the first two systems was reflected in the advent of the so -called modern sciences, in the growing incorporation of scientific discoveries, as well as in the political, economic and social transformations of human societies of human societies.
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