Agrarian reform in Colombia
Introduction
The main objective of this essay is to demonstrate as in Colombia for decades the peasantissue It is necessary that the State promote public policies through agrarian reform, which guarantees peasants an equitable distribution of the land for adequate use in production. This is why the following hypothesis arises seeking to solve all this problem, what is the problem of land in Colombia?
Developing
Definitely an agrarian reform is very necessary for our country, mainly because situations of inequality and violence towards peasants are evidence. Historically in Colombia, three important agrarian reforms were attempted in Colombia. The first took place during the government of Alfonso López Pumarejo, with the design of large reforms (agrarian, labor, tax, constitutional, among others), so this government was called "the revolution in progress".
Agrarian reform during this government began in 1936. Within its policies, the most important law was the extinction of domain without compensation, which assumed that land owners who did not exploit at least 60% of their domains, the unacted lands would be expropriated in order to redistribute themAmong low -income farmers. In 1961, President Lleras created the second most important agrarian reform of the twentieth century. In it, the law on domain and land award were mainly resumed. This agrarian reform was characterized by having reached the largest redistribution of land that has existed in Colombia.
However, the lands delivered to the peasants had a very bad location. They were very distant from the main communication routes, which made the transport of their crops impossible and greatly increased costs. Years later, under the government of Misael Pastrana Borrero, the so -called "Chicoral Pact" was carried out in Tolima, in the year of 1972. From that pact came the Counter -Reformation Law, which ended a single pit with the agrarian reform of 1961. After this law, the field was abandoned by the State and the laws. This is how a land market began regardless of whom.
Already having clear what have been the agrarian reforms that have occurred in Colombia we can relate this to the armed conflict that has made so much damage to societies to the peasants. The groups outside the law seized more and more large areas of land, which caused the displacement of peasants in Colombia. Therefore, peasants were very difficult to produce in the best way. Implementing an adequate agrarian reform of insurance could reach some agreements with these groups to improve the situation with the peasantry.
Today the agrarian reform charges today in the country because it has not been done simply, but must be designed with another strategy and institutionality that allows our peasants and, most importantly, the reinserted peace process, to be part of a country for a country forAll, more democratic and with access to the economic resources that our beloved nation has. The distribution of wastelands in Colombia were very inefficient, since the State gave land to the peasants, but in too distant places which made the transfer of food to the different markets of the cities impossible.
When the products reached the distribution and sale sites, prices did not sympathize with production costs and great losses were generated, it is for this and many reasons that an adequate agrarian reform should be implemented to guarantee the peasants a better well -being. Over the years the domain by the land has brought serious consequences to the peasantof their belongings.
And that is where the State has not promoted policies that allow an equitable distribution of the Earth and that returns to victims of displacement and dispossess what they lost. And to protect these peasant groups that are so vulnerable to any situation. One of the big problems with the land in Colombia is that the State has not wanted to return the land to the peasants who were displaced by the armed conflict is there where they are forced to recover them as of place often occupying private property land, but they are involved in these situations.
No one really wants to be displaced from their lands and less forced, that is why many peasants begin to protest in search of solutions to be restored to their homes. On the other hand, in the last ten years the investigations of the Land Memory Center have been concerned with understanding the processes of occupation and appropriation of the territory, the irregularities in property rights, the organization of social actors around the land"Peasants, entrepreneurs and women", the role that the armed actors "guerrillas and paramilitary groups" have played in this problem "drug trafficking" crops, routes and corridors ".
The displacement and dispossession of land, and the megaprojects with territorial impact. In addition to this, the researcher Alejandro Reyes emphasizes his land report, that the main impact of the armed conflict on land tenure "is the replacement of state control by irregular armed groups", who displaced at least half of the peasantryof the regions under their domain, in many cases to deliver those lands to third parties, and also subordinated the property rights to the aforementioned taxation of, Reyes Posada. Earth has always been a good persecuted by all of place.
Regardless of what damages can cause others. This being most of the time badly distributed and poorly produced on some occasions so the State must intervene in the best way to redistribute all the land that the great entrepreneurs have in their domain, but that are not producing it, thanks to the taxationOn the rural land you can end all that inequality, by implementing adequate taxes on these large properties, and thus be able to mobilize an offer of land at very low prices so that peasants have greater ease of buying the land and producing the bestway.
conclusion
Finally, it can be said that in Colombia historically the problem of land tenure and control has lacked effective solutions that guarantee the sustainability of the Colombian countryside, political wills revolve around the interests of large multinationals that, through legal mechanisms, seek to seizeof great portions of fertile land to establish monocultures or extract minerals, an harmful and dangerous agricultural and extractive modality for food and urban safety and sovereignty of both rural and urban communities.
And in addition to that it is necessary to mention the dispossession at the hands of the paramilitaries and the large multinationals – allied in many cases with the former who dedicated themselves to expanding their war and productive units in many strategic territories and corridors stripping of their properties to peasants and settlers and settlerssettled for many years there. I think that the problem of the land will not end until the State intervenes effectively and honestly so the peasants have nothing but continue to endure all the problems of inequality, poverty, abandonment among others.
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