Abortion A current ethical problem
Introduction
Abortion is currently an issue that generates a lot of controversy from the ethical point of view as well as the legal legal, since there are faced opinions such as defending life from conception and on the other hand the right of women to decide onyour body and your ideals.
Among the abortion definitions we have according to the Royal Spanish Academy “A aborting action. Interruption of pregnancy due to natural or deliberately caused causes, it can eventually constitute a crime ”. WHO instead defines abortion as "pregnancy interruption when the fetus is not yet viable outside the womb".
The arguments for which abortion is justified and in certain countries has been decriminalized, are the socioeconomic, psychological and therapeutic motifs seeking logistics by which the mother is not in a position to conceive. Among the reasons are: the extreme poverty that leads to a precarious quality of life, mother with psychiatric diseases, psychological disorders caused by sexual assault, and when the continuation of pregnancy means a risk to the mother’s life for example: pregnancyectopic, molar pregnancy or severe chromosomal malformations.
In Ecuador, abortion is considered a crime according to the Integral Criminal Organic Code in which article 149 is issued.- Titled Consected abortion established that the woman who causes her abortion will have a penalty of imprisonment from six months to two years in the same way the person who performs abortion will be judged.
While in Third World countries, history is different causing a rebellion among thousands of young women who wantlife, because they were not heard and felt forced to look for a clandestine exit, some without the opportunity to continue alive.
This creates a considerable difference with other first world countries in which after multiple debates I know the abortion thus demonstrating less complications of insecure abortion and less maternal deaths.
Types of abortion:
- Spontaneous abortion: occurs when the fetus does not know is normally developing and unwantedly dies inside the uterus in a few weeks.
- Septic abortion: It occurs due to abortions stimulated by people with little knowledge of the subject thus creating infections for using little sterile material.
- Abortion for immune rejection: it is given by mistake and without being caused because it occurs in very few cases and for a biological error of the parent in which the immune system detects the fetus as a foreign body by attacking it until it provokes its death.
- Inevitable abortion: The symptoms appear from the first month joint to pain and abundant bleeding causing a sudden and risky abortion in which the main thing is to save the life of the parent.
- Complete and incomplete abortion: incomplete abortion is given intentionally by expelling the fetus completely outlets which, upon entering the uterus, cause their immediate expulsion due to suffocation;Incomplete abortion is when a debt is performed by taking the fetus in parts through a small surgery.
- Retained abortion: occurs when the fetus dies inside the belly impregnated but without expulsion from it, it is essential that the mother receives medical attention immediately because otherwise it could be deadly
- Induced abortion: induced abortion is the set of all those abortions that are produced intentionally but through a safe method.
- Therapeutic abortion: It is induced for medical reasons in which the parent is not able to take care of the fetus for a variety of conditions.
- Eugenic abortion: It belongs to the set of psychotherapeutic abortions in which the fetus has some type of genetic deformity which would prevent the child from leading a normal life.
- Indirect abortion: it occurs because the mother must undergo surgery which would cause the death of the fetus unwanted because that is not the reason why she enters the operating room.
- Chemical abortion: It is done through medicines which cause the elimination of the joint fetus to contractions and bleeding (it is safe while performing in the first 12 weeks).
- Surgical abortion: the fetus is extracted through surgery by applying different methods between them more common known as aspirate.
- Repeated abortion: It occurs due to biological failures due to different factors in which the uterus is unable to procreate a fetus expelling it immediately.
- Legal abortion: they are carried out safely and under the command of the law guaranteeing the health of the patient.
- Illegal abortion: They are carried out in a clandestine way does not comply with the medical recommendations, because it is not allowed before the law which does not allow a professional to commit it to commit it.
Is abortion an ethical problem?
From an ethical point of view, abortion can be seen in different ways, because the principles of it is to do the right thing to find happiness, which can be understood in different ways leaving the understanding of man as he wishes capture it, because a struggle is created between two important values for ethics which are the inviolability of human life and the autonomy of women to procreate it.
In an ethical field it is necessary to create an analysis to that voluntary decision that leads to interrupting a pregnancy, from a perspective we show us an ethical difficulty in the predisposition role of which the one involved chose.
Which puts principles such as:
- Principle of autonomy: It is the power and capacity of each human being in deliberating their own personal ends and acting under their responsible and own will.
- Benefit principle: morals forces the subject to act for the benefit of others, that is, "do good". Which is considered a private sphere.
- Principle of non-malefinciencia: Prevent damage, pain, suffering is considered a public scope which is penalized by law.
- The principle of justice: it is the impartiality in distribution of positions and benefits which provide the criteria to differentiate whether an act is ethical or not and must be provided to all those who need it.
- The ethical principle of autonomy is reflected in the right that the mother has to decide to end the pregnancy made that contrasts with two other important principles such as non-maleficiency and justice that defend the universal right of the life of the fetus.
It is important to keep in mind that in cases like these in existing conflicts between ethical principles, justice and non -maleficence are above autonomy and beneficence.
Studies in different countries show that the attitudes of the health team against abortion are corroborated by different factors (ethical, legal, religious, doctors, political, among others), and where there are allowed there are doctors with diverse opinions by expanding their knowledge according to What they think is correct by leaving aside the traditional code of ethics.The advance in medical and scientific studies at the same time provides complexity in ethics problems in the field of medicine which are considered relevant and appropriate.
Those involved
Abortion causes great stir and controversy due to the variety of opinions that each individual manifests, some people exhibit from a religious and political stigma that aborting is a sin since although the fetus has not been born when extracted from the belly is considered Murder because it is private to the right to life by will of its parent, on the other hand there is the population that believes that abortion represents autonomy and own criteria about the person and about what to do with their body.
The person mostly involved is the woman because only that knows the reason and why she decides in the streets or many times without a roof in which to spend the night through women who did not have the necessary resources to give them a dignified life that woman who was not ready to exercise as a breast and here comes the question, why why did not think about it before committing the act? Why didn’t she make a contraceptive plan to protect? For no one knows the story of another person, it is easy to judge but maybe tomorrow could be any member of his family that girl who was on his way to his house and intercepted a stranger forcing her to have relationships in a dark corner through threats or the girl of 12 of 12 years of which her father abuse her life, in many cases abortion is fair and necessary to eradicate errors of which many women do not deserve to feel guilty.
In countries such as Ecuador, Argentina and Peru where abortion is illegal, thousands of women who want to be owners of their body, wishing tomorrow, macho barriers are broken by a selfish state with the health of millions with the health of millions of young people who, not finding exit resort to illegal methods which cause irreparable damage to those who risk not being able to trust the state to which they care about their own well -being and health.
Personal opinion
My intention is not to convey that abortion is correct but I would like to expose that each woman is free to decide at what time in her life she wants to take a maternity role, because this will be the exact moment to assume it, not before or after , it may sound unfair because you can think but what is the fault that the way comes but on the other hand it is not fair to bring it to the world without what is necessary for its growth and development throughout its life.
"Women do not die for aborting. They die because it is illegal "
Anthrop. DINIZ DEBORA
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