A political monster in society
From the dawn of his creation, man has constantly evolve, passing simple forms to complex forms of grouping, thus emerging societies. These, with the future of time, have been the source and matrix of the interrelation of man with the same man and with his surroundings. In this context, the product of the same interrelation, various scenarios arose in which the constant confrontation or dispute between them was appreciated and the express need of an entity that imparts a certain order arose.
How is the State created? Why does society need one? How would civilizations be without the existence of this same? Would it be a peel of all against all? These are some of the questions facing one of the founders of modern philosophy in the seventeenth century: Thomas Hobbes. This iusnaturalist philosopher raises and resolves these questions in his top work entitled "Leviatán", which is considered one of the most influential works in the development and evolution of Western political philosophy; In this, he raises and develops the contractualist theory mainly. To understand this influential and decisive work and thought of the author we must analyze the various scenarios or passages for which he passed when preparing this work, following and thus adopting the contextualist current.
Sitting at the time when Hobbes elaborates the "Leviathan", we have found in a context of war confrontation, which left destruction and swept many lives, a reason that could lead him to adopt the position and thought that will subsequently capture in his work; In this regard, Javier Bonilla confirms it by explaining: “Although, explicitly, Hobbes never aspired to any poetic prominence, in fact he ended up being a deeply involved author in the political avatars of his country.
That is why we must take into consideration the political situation of that time, for this we must mention the English Civil War, which was carried out from 1642 to 1651, this war scenario consisted of the development of armed and political conflicts Among the royalists and parliamentarians, the development of these events concluded with the final victory of the parliamentary supporters and the consequent failure of the royalists. It is precisely in this scenario where Hobbes, in order to look The fundamental problem that will address throughout your work, for which it will propose a kind of social order, which aims to seek peace.
In the first part Hobbes covers the study of the man in which he exposes it as a social being, also, which is provided with aspects or feelings such as passion, the desire for power, among others; These make man constantly found in a state of war. "The condition of man (as stated in the preceding chapter) is a war condition against all, in which each one is governed by his own reason" . In this section of his work highlights "the natural condition of man", also called a state of nature, which argues that men are equal by nature, of the mentioned nature, man is prone to fight among themselves, each who has the power to carry out actions aimed at preserving his life; It is where one of the terms that will also develop in “de civi” develops: “Man is the wolf of man”, referring to the selfishness of man and the atrocities to which he can reach the product of the individualistic feeling rooted in his being. This situation constitutes a representation of the policy that is related , all generating in a matrix consisting of the prevalence of individualism.
Here Hobbes begins to raise how to leave behind that state of nature to enter a pact made by men to preserve their conservation instinct, which leads to the establishment of the state.
Now, why "Leviathan"? The research carried out for this essay shows that Leviathan is a mythological figure collected from the Holy Bible, specifically in the Old Testament we find envy of such a monstrous marine figure, as in Job 41: 1-34: “Will you take Leviathan With hook, or you will hold your tongue with rope? Will you put a rope on his nose, or will you drill his jaw with hook? Will he make you many pleas, or will submissive words talk to you? This animal sees it as a non -human entity proposed to the protection of man, uses it to personify the State. Hobbes innovates before the notorious political instability in the European contine of human coexistence. The state raised by Hobbes is an absolutist, since he thinks that he is the most optimal, in which there is no separation of powers, this would obey the thought of Hobbes that through this kind of state would be achieved by anarchy, as well as prevent man recounted in the state of nature.
Finally, he covers ecclesiastical issues and makes a series of criticisms of the Church, as well as raising an aspect that, particularly, I consider that it constitutes a current problem in our country specifically: the separation of the Church and politics. Hobbes in this way is considered one of the precursors of the secular state; If we move this figure for a trip in space – time and place it in society, do we perceive that we have a secular state? Is the distinction between temporal and spiritual power? According to our Constitution, the State is actually secular, however, in praxis we perceive that it is not so, we are witnessing the influence that the Church has on the powers of the State, such is the case and of course of the aforementioned, the aforementioned, the Fact that many legislative proposals to date are not promulgated since the Church interferes with it, so it is reasonable to affirm that we have the theory with a secular state, plus this does not translate reliably in society in society.
Thus, and as investigated, we conclude that Hobbes’ thought and philosophy of The origins of the theory of modern State, in addition to raising figures that we can perceive (as described in the previous paragraph) interfere).
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