Gender inequality in Ecuador
Introduction
In recent years, different changes in labor reforms have been seen, as well as a change in the production sectors of the Ecuadorian territory, but, it seems that a forgotten sector has been gender inequality in the labor and competitiveness field, ifThere have been progress, especially with the introduction of women in politics as well as in work areas, there seems to be certain holes and even abysses when a woman finds and gets a job opportunity.
The rights of men and women have always been claimed for a long time, as a global phenomenon, it allowed greater participation of women in areas where they had no place, politics, medicine, studies in general and finally, but not least the labor area, over the years, Ecuador has been showing certain advances and has detached themselves from the labor and social stereotypes that involve being a woman and especially their action at work, but, it seems that we have a lot even more to improve to improve.
The Ecuadorian population, for the most part, the male clarifies that the opportunities given to women in work areas are the less equitable, however, employment figures show that there is a significant gap between men and women, their opportunitieslabor and the perceived salary.
Developing
Changes and conceptual restructuring of the Ecuadorian labor market. – As of 2014, the INEC decides to adopt once again the ILO recommendations that consisted of a labor evolution towards a new methodology and conceptualization. The fundamental changes refer to: the definitive adoption of legality elements for the classification of the informal sector, the incorporation of criteria for the segmentation of the labor market, the establishment of the components for classification of underemployment, and the operational harmonization for the collection ofWork indicators Employment in Ecuador.
Gender distribution in the labor market
In Ecuador, the following data is recorded as of December 2017:
- 4.5 million men employed.
- 3.2 million women employed.
This means that there is a difference of 1.3 million men who are in working conditions. According to INEC, Ecuador reached the figure of 17.3 million inhabitants, of which: 50.4% is composed of women, and it is expected that by 2020 they will be: 8.884.706. In correlation with the pronounced gender gap, there is a marked differentiation in the gender population belonging to the subgroups of employment, these being: underemployment and formal employment, formed in a large majority by men, while unemployment is in large amount composed ofThe female part.
In recent years, the rise in wages has grown significantly, which meant until 2017, an increase of 2.8% per hour of work, this represented an increase in the pay/hour in the case of women being this being this beingof 3.4% per year, while for men it was 2.5%, this, however, did not represent an equality in salaries for men and women, but a form of compensation for economic growth.
Even with the increase in the salary rate and what it represents in the time / salary relationship, the gap that exists within formal employment is 20.0 points, and in the underemployment of 29, 6 points, which suggests that the partyfemale of the economically active population does not win the same as men. Women dedicate average 31:49 hours per week at domestic work, the percentage of women in domestic activities is 94%, social services and health 88%, hotel and restaurants 65%and in education 61%.
From the figures provided by the INEC from December 2007 to December 2012, it is extracted that the overall occupation rate of the work places, in the case of women to give average 92.4% however they have a higher unemployment rate thanMen, maintaining an average unemployment rate of 7.6% in relation to that of men who were only 5.2%.
The global participation rate from 2007 to 2012 has been decreasing considerably in the case of women, while the occupation rate has been increasing, and although unemployment in the population has been decreasing it is surprising to find that the unemployment ratefemale surpasses the masculine.
As we can see in graph no. 2, 38.2% of women make up the list of elected authorities on February 17, 2017, although the number regrets a lot compared to provincial assembly members, it is in the legislative area where their role is much more quantitative, however, the few measures taken from the area of politics to the labor sector, seems to suggest that there is no approximate notion of salary equality for men and women.
conclusion
According to the data obtained, it is concluded that the hypothesis proposed is accepted, with the suggestions of the ILO, which have allowed improving working conditions in the country, a correct redistribution of the work structure was suggested so that the work places were occupiedBy men and women. The participation of women in the economic development of Ecuador is plausible, they occupy a large part of non -formal work activities with up to 94%, limitations to achieve formal work, as well as academic impediments do not allow them to access a bettersalary.
In spiteof many women are heard, regarding employment and salary seems to be negligent.
It is the duty of the State to maintain social order within the nation, to keep not only the sovereignty of the State, for which it should look for ways that the gender gap does not separate us as citizenship, that the work places are accessible bothFor men, as for women, who form most of the formal work sector.
That the general population must be paid for their work but not by their gender, that regardless of whether they are male or female, a workplace can be accessed, to be suggested to companies, whether private or state, hire greaternumber of women to enter and develop in competitive works, with a perception similar to that of the male population.
Bibliography
- ECB (2018a). Monthly statistical indicators. Non -financial public sector operations report. Not accrued base.
- INEC (2010). Women and men from Ecuador in figures III. UN Women. ISBN: 978-9942-07-390-7
- INEC (2014). Methodology for employment measurement in Ecuador.
- CNE (2017). Gender Indicators of Ecuador: Elected authorities suffragagants.
- INEC (2018). Tabulated National Employment, Unemployment and Submployment Survey (Enemdu).
- SIN (2017). Indicators of the National Development Plan.
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