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Name: Professor: Course: Date: Advanced Cardiovas Physiology Question one According to Turner, the human body reacts differently to various physiological changes. For example, in the case of a “flight response”-a physiological change that occurs when a person is under threat, the body reacts through the neural activities and the blood stream (435). The hypothalamus in the brain activates the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal-cortical system (Turner, 437). The nervous system sends impulses through the nerve paths, and the adrenal system uses the blood circulatory system. After the impulses are sent to the adrenaline glands and the cardiac muscle, adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones are released into the blood. The combination of the two increases the heart rate, which consequently elevates the blood pressure. Notably, the cardiovascular centers of the brain play a very significant role in auto-regulation of the blood pressure. These centers that are located in the medulla oblongata include the cardio-accelerator that stimulates the cardiac functions to reduce the heart rate. It also has the cardio-inhibitor that reduces blood pressure through simulations transmitted by the vagus nerve. Question two Atenolol (Tenormin), which falls under the beta blockers, is a drug that is popularly used to address hypertension medically. Weber refers to them as blocking agents, as they are very efficient in reducing the level of blood pressure in patients (12). This drug works by reducing the effects of the sympathetic nervous system and hormone epinephrine, adrenaline. When the activities of adrenaline are blocked, the amount of oxygen and blood that moves to
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