Schizophrenia, Symptoms And Treatments Of The Disease

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Schizophrenia, symptoms and treatments of the disease

Schizophrenia (from the Greek, Schizo: ‘Division’ or ‘split’ and ‘mind’) is a mental disorder that groups chronic and serious variants, in people with alterations in perception or expression of reality. It is characterized by a sustained mutation of several aspects of the individual’s psychic functioning, mainly of consciousness of reality and a more or less complex neuropsychological disorganization, especially the executive functions, which leads to a difficulty in maintaining motivated behaviors and a significant dysfunctionSocial. Comment by [Email Protected]: Moreover, 10% of the words. Comment by [Email Protected] [2]: This could be in development.

Schizophrenia is considered a disease and it seems clear that it is a brain disorder, for the moment there is no objective way to diagnose it. The disease is diagnosed with its effects and patient behavior. There are no laboratory tests, nor image exams that help establish the diagnosis as not to rule out other pathologies.

Cytogenetic and molecular studies have allowed to know a large number of chromosomal alterations in patients with schizophrenia that involve both autosomal and sexual chromosomes. The identification of these alterations can constitute a useful tool in the location of genes associated with the origin of said disease. Despite the cytogenetic findings collected in the literature for this mental disorder there is no study that clearly reports the frequency of chromosomal anomalies. In Cuba there is no cytogenetic study report of mental illnesses, so one of the main challenges of this review was aimed at obtaining knowledge about the factors involved in the development of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a disease that mentally affects you, but also physically affects you by the negative actions that the person performs because of this disease.

Developing

Positive symptoms:

• Delusions: This means maintaining beliefs that are not only not true but may seem even quite strange. If you try to discuss these beliefs, you will find that the one who has them will keep them despite the fact that there is a lot of evidence against him.
• Thought disorder: this is a difficulty thinking clearly. It will be difficult to understand them because their phrases seem to make no sense: they can jump from one idea to another, losing the theme they are trying to talk.
• Hallucinations: these are when you see, hey, you smell or feel something that is not there. For example, the most common hallucination that people experience is to hear voices. These voices seem absolutely real, can scare and make believe that people are watching you, listening or bothering. Young people who have these experiences may seem suspicious and act in a strange way. For example, talk or laugh for herself as if they were talking to someone who is not. This is quite different from speech or laughter of young children when they are making an imaginative game or in their imaginary world.

Negative symptoms:

Young people suffering from schizophrenia can become very inactive, lonely and look demotivated. They seem to lose interest and motivation and can stop washing regularly or carefully. They cannot normally concentrate on a job or study. Generally the symptoms are of sufficient gravity to cause concern, both at home and at school. Positive or negative symptoms by themselves do not necessarily cause schizophrenia. Similar symptoms can occur in other diseases, such as depressive or as part of a severe reaction to stress. Symptoms like these mean that you should ask for medical advice. What effects has schizophrenia? A young person suffering from schizophrenia:

• You will have difficulty doing a good job at school or keeping friends.
• Will be more vulnerable to developing a depression or trying to commit suicide.
• Normally, it will not be a danger to others. Unlike popular belief, most people with schizophrenia do not put others at risk. The little understanding of this disease can lead these people and their families to suffer the painful stigma effect.
• Will suffer a severe loss of confidence and may feel that he has lost control of his life. Possibly, an unnecessarily pessimistic vision of the future will be formed. Family and friends are frequently scared and anxious to see the changes caused by schizophrenia. The young man they knew and loved can now behave in a way that alters family relationships and the rules and routines of family life. These changes are hard to understand and manage.
• Medication plays a crucial role in the treatment of schizophrenia. Controls the symptoms of the disease and allows to restart a normal life. The medication tends to be more effective with positive symptoms and less with negatives. Deliring hallucinations and ideas may take a few weeks to disappear.

Classification

Schizophrenia has been classified as simple, catatonic, hebephrenic or paranoid. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) currently contains five types of schizophrenia.

These are:

1. Paranoid type: feelings of persecution, delirium of greatness and auditory hallucinations predominate delusions.
2. Disorganized or Hebephrenic type: Disorganized discourse and behavior predominates without any purpose, as well as affectivity
3. Catatonic type: with important psychomotor alterations such as downtown flexibility (as wax doll);It can reach the catatonic stupor, leading to an inability to take care of your personal needs.
4. Undifferentiated type: there are psychotic symptoms, but do not meet criteria for paranoid, disorganized or catatonic types.
5. Residual type: where positive symptoms are present only at low intensity.

WHO also recognizes the types:

• Post schizophrenic depression: depressive type disorder, sometimes prolonged, which arises after a schizophrenic disorder. During it, some schizophrenic symptoms can persist, but do not predominate in the clinical picture. They are rarely important as to make a severe depression diagnosis.
• Simple schizophrenia: its development is insidious. Does not manifest hallucinations or delusions. It is less properly psychotic and fundamentally show negative symptoms.
• Cognitive disorders, disease symptoms, and medication
• Cognitive disorders of schizophrenia does not seem to be the product of the symptoms of the disease. First, no correlations have been found between the severity of hallucinations or delusions and the severity of cognitive deficits. In fact, the latter are often detected before psychosis begins or are already severe during the first episode of the disease. Attention disorders and working memory precede the beginning of psychosis and remain stable after psychosis has been resolved, which suggests its independence from positive symptoms.

Treatment

Psycho-social treatment

Psychosocial interventions are aimed at improving interpersonal relationships and providing the patient and the family with strategies to achieve the rehabilitation of cognitive deficit and social isolation that produces schizophrenia. They must provide support, patient, family and caregivers, to face discrimination and rejection.

Psycho-educational programs

It must be able to develop in the patient and in their relatives techniques and strategies to identify symptoms and circumstances that are related to clinical relapses or high -risk behaviors.

conclusion

Schizophrenia is a disease that is characterized by its clinical manifestations and some specific alterations in image studies such as tomography and magnetic resonance, it also causes a serious dysfunction on a personal, social and work level, making the patientPerform and perform on its own, for these reasons you must make an early diagnosis and an adequate treatment of these patients in order to reduce their desolate effects. Comment by [Email Protected] [4]: Moreover, 10% that should be.

Schizophrenia is a disease that must be treated with meticulousness of which the cure has not yet been achieved, therefore much remains to be discovered about it. It is known that its etiology has a lot to do with genetics, but also of biochemical and cerebral alterations, in addition to also greatly influence the risk factors and the environment in which they are surrounded. It is a very fluctuating disorder in the life of the person, in it periods of normality and other crisis develop.

Even if this disease is chronic, you don’t have to think that the subject is getting worse;With a good support from his family and his closest around, in addition to the coordination between hospital services and social services, the patient can carry his illness in a simpler and more independent way than if he did not have it. The person will always be treated from an integral point of view, in order to meet all their needs.

The patient should also lead a healthy life, which influences as little as possible in their pharmacological and psychosocial treatment, not consuming toxic or forgetting their medication. You must know the symptoms and accept your illness. In society, we must create an awareness for the assimilation of these people, reducing that sense of fear or rejection.

References:

1. M Birchwood, N Tarrier – 1995 – Ariel
2. To Colodrón, S Kierkegaard, J Derrida – Artistic Creation and Disease …, 2006 – Core.AC.UK
3. Rev. Scient.12 n.2 Cochabamba 2009