POLITICAL SYSTEM WORK IN IRAN
Introduction
The Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905 was the beginning of the democratic history of an Iran governed exclusively under the principles of the Chiita Muslim clergy.
Indeed, the hegemony and control that the Qatar dynasty had maintained in the Persian country since 1781, began to see its decline between the 190 and 1911 years.
The extravagance of one of the last of its rulers, Mozaffar-E-Din, gave way in 1905, to one of the three greatest revolutions that Iran would see during the twentieth century:
- The constitutional revolution that consisted of the establishment of a chosen parliament or Majlis that would define a new source of power in Iran (that of the people)
- The implementation of the House of Justice or Advisory Assembly, in which Western Court Measures were implemented such as the limitation to the Powers of the King and the discussion on the law of God and the law of man. This advisory assembly made a beginning of the Foundation of Contemporary Iran.
- The issuance of the new Constitution in 1906 and the supplementary laws of 1907 in which issues such as press freedom were also included, a key element to end the Persian period.
Developing
In less than one hundred years I would see three convoluted revolts: Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911, coup d’etat of 1951-1953 (perpetrated with the help of the United States) and the Islamic Revolution of 1979.
The Islamic Revolution of 1979 was a very important historical-political fact, since the Islamic Republic of Iran is proclaimed after a referendum and Iran became governed by Ayatolá Ruhollah Jomeini. After his death he replaces Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsajani in 1989. The political and constitutional system of the Islamic Republic of Iran until the beginning of the year 2000 is not modified, in which the liberals win the elections, a fact that has not occurred since 1979.
It was not until 2004 that conservatives regain control of Parliament in controversial elections probably without the basis of democracy. Since 2013 Hasan Rohani becomes the president of Iran and his term was reelected in 2017, which will last until 2021. The country celebrates elections, but many candidates are eliminated, since the Islamic nature of the nation cannot be questioned.
From this period, the Islamic Republic of Iran has an Islamic Advisory Assembly that is the main body of the Legislative Power, but with a peculiar characteristic and that candidate who wants to appear to Parliament has to be selected by the Council of Guardians, whereAyatollah is the one that makes decisions.
Only by changing the Constitution and eliminating the figure of the guide (Velayat and Faqih), could access will go to a true democracy.
The 1979 Constitution was only renovated on one occasion, a few months before the death of Jomeini in 1989. The formal structure of state embodied was a mixture of the classical Republic, with elective institutions and separation of powers – legal, executive and judicial -, and theocracy, which gave Shií clergy a superior authority over the rest of the system and the population. It also arises as an institutional novelty, spiritual leadership elective institutions – presidency, parliament and assembly of experts – and not elective – counsel on Guardians, Discernment Council and National Security Council—. Reciprocal controls were carried out in the 1979 Constitution, but especially in the 1989 reform.
Supreme Guide: Ayatolá Ali Jamenei
- Head of State and Armed Forces
- Political and religious authority
- Name: Assembly of Discernment, Organization of the FFAA, Head of the Judicial System, Responsible for the TV- Radio, Council of Guardians of the Constitution and Assembly of Experts
President: Hasan Rohani
- Chosen for 4 years
- Maximum of two consecutive mandates
- Control over the Government, Assembly of Experts and Parliament
Discernment Assembly
- 44 members
- Advisor to the guide and is a referee between the Guardians and the Parliament
Guard Council of the Constitution
- 12 members (6 chosen by the guide)
- Valid the candidacies for elections
- Valid the elections
- Watches over the conformity of Islamic laws and the Law of Constitution
Assembly of experts
- 88 religious
- Chosen for 8 years
- Choose the Supreme Guide can remove it
PARLIAMENT
- 290 members
- Chosen for 4 years
- Appoints 6 members of the Constitution Guardians Council on the proposal of the Judicial Authority
conclusion
These controls made none of these institutions have the absolute ability to decide on fundamental issues in internal and foreign policy. In this way it was tried. Specifically, non -elective advice are the collegiate bodies where the Iranian elite settles its differences and reaches the necessary consensus for the maintenance of the political system
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