Fundamentals of politics
Introduction
The conceptual foundations of public policy arise as a field of study where the application of the scientific method to the public decision is implemented. It is raised as a government tool for the solution of public problems and contributing to the construction of democracy.
Public policy constitutes a management tool in the public administration where it is in the framework that has been called the new public management, developing the meaning of a new institutionality by introducing the private sector in the way of making decisions. Taking in two important points efficiency such as economic irrationality and effectiveness as a solution in public problems.
Developing
The content is organized in 3 issues, such as conceptual basis, policy problems, public problems and agenda. The types of policies are actors, management models management and public policy. The essential characteristics are public or state origin, they intend to solve a problem or public value, define objectives and priorities for action, condition state activity, they can involve other subjects and demand political planning.
Public policies serve to profile a future and a route, organize the action of the State and Citizens, allow controlling power and demanding accounts and, finally, offering a participation map. However, the implementation in the foundations is the operational and material strategic development, the planning, organization, coordination, direct and control. The elements of the implementation are: the translation of objectives to the operational rule, attributing responsibilities and deploying with the resources for the achievement of fines.
The social aspect of the political environment implies nature, the composition or obligation of the members of a society either as individuals or as individuals or as members of some group, both with each other, and for society as a whole. This valorization can be both ethical and legal. It is generally considered that social responsibility differs from political responsibility so that it is limited to the valorization of the exercise of power through a state authority.
Social responsibility is the ethical theory or ideology that an entity either a government, corporation, organization or individual has a responsibility for society. The idea that individuals have a responsibility for their society remote to Greek philosophers and the Roman legality system.
At present, social responsibility is considered a non -mandatory normative aspect, that is, the strength of the law, such as those embodied in some international agreements.
The public policy process comes from several directions and can be discussed and tested in various ways. Therefore, it is very difficult to identify a policy formulation system, that is, a formalized set of routines.
The policy process is a very broad concept. Public policy is implemented, evaluated and if necessary corrected. The political aspects are first of a source of public authority coordinating government, responsible for guaranteeing the sectors of agencies that implement policies as planned. Second, it has a secretary who provides technical advice and central political support. Third, a complex organizational system. Fourth place, public management where it provides a crucial bridge between politics and technical knowledge fifth place the ability to design and evaluate policies.
The public policy process: consists of an investigation into the formulation and implementation of public policies generally limited to the US context, emphasizing national and national policies. Using the perspectives of American politics, people who study public policy processes include issues such as problems and political agendas, the cultural definition of policy problems, policy formulation, political feasibility and policy implementation.
The literature of the policy process can be distinguished from other public policy flavors as follows, unlike policy analysis, it does not emphasize the artisanal aspects of policy construction and analysis. Unlike policy research, it does not emphasize problem solving. Unlike comparative public policy, it tends to be limited to American environments, although a good comparative work is appropriate. The other variants of public policy are:
Comparative Public Policy: In principle, comparative public policy applies logic or comparative analysis to the substance of different policies. problems. The current writing analysis tends to emphasize transnational comparisons. There is also a new policy comparative work literature among American states. Much of this work is descriptive, more than theoretical.
Public Policies Analysis: A logic of analysis and combination of techniques in support of public decision making. This tradition takes a lot of economy. The logic of the ‘rational’ analysis contains a central approach to problem specification, the generation of alternative policies and the evaluation of policies in support of public policy decision making. Techniques include quantitative, economic analysis, well -being economy and programs that offer two -year professional master’s degrees. Most of this type of training is carried out within the public policy analysis text.
Public Policies Research: This consists of applied research in Social Sciences with the objective of documenting policy problems and evaluating interventions. The distinctive element of policy investigation is that it is based on problems. As such, the appropriate and the field of scope. of disciplinary relevance are in principle quite broad. Typically, policy research training includes the development of experience in the substance of social, natural and behavioral sciences.
The evolution of public policy is the study where it responds to a moment of the State in which the presence of the government in public life and the incorporation of citizens to the claim and enjoy the socially legitimated rights is imposed. The systematic study of public policies begins as a product of mostly rational approaches;According to the approaches, the state’s action could adopt the new technological instrument of management and
Public policy- Public policies are government actions, it is the action issued by this one, which seeks how to respond to the various demands of society, can be understood as a strategic use of resources to relieve national problems. The study of public policies as well states, that it must be carried out, consider under three issues: what policies the State develops in the different areas of its activity, how they are elaborated and developed and how they are evaluated and changed. Analyze what governments do, how and why do they do it and what effect it produces.”These simple questions can serve us as a simple guide to analyze a public policy, without even entering an economic or complex political terminology.
Executive Bran. The Executive Power, in other words, is linked to the management of state functioning on a day -to -day basis.
When the concept refers to the general faculty in general, it is written with initial lowercase (Executive Power). On the other hand, if the notion mentions the state body to exercise such power, capital letters must be included at the beginning of each word.
The executive branch of a democratic state falls on officials chosen through popular vote. The elections allow the population to choose people who will act as their representatives in decision making that concern society in general (definition.2015).
Legislative Power- whose function is to guarantee compliance with the laws developed through the Legislative Power and administered according to the Judiciary. The Executive Power, in other words, is linked to the management of state functioning on a day -to -day basis.
When the concept refers to the general faculty in general, it is written with initial lowercase (Executive Power). On the other hand, if the notion mentions the state body to exercise such power, capital letters must be included at the beginning of each word (Executive Power).
The executive branch of a democratic state falls on officials chosen through popular vote. The elections allow the population to choose people who will act as their representatives in decision making that concern society in general (definition.of, 2015).
Individualism- the tendency to think and act according to the subject’s own criteria, with total independence of social determinations, external to his person.
Conclusions
In this sense, individualism defends the moral dignity of the individual, that is, of the unique person, in relation to the social context that, in some way, can press it. Likewise, individualism opposes collectivism, in which the opinion of the community or community becomes the criterion to determine the destiny of the individuals that make it up.
Collectivism- is called collectivism to a doctrine that aims to eliminate individual property, replacing it with collective or communal property. Collectivism argues that the State must be in charge of distributing wealth.
According to collectivism, the means of production and economic goods should not belong to private individuals, but have to be under control of the whole society through the State. That is why it is affirmed that collectivism opposes individualism.
Community-group of human beings who share elements in common, such as language, customs, geographical location, world vision values, for example. Within a community, a common identity is usually created by differentiation of other groups or communities.
Leave feedback