Charles Darwin’s evolutionary process theory
History about evolutionary theory are ideas focused on offspring and adaptability. The biologist Darwin coined the term "offspring with modifications", which revealed that as there is offspring, with the past of the time diversification occurred. Evolution is the main unifier of biology, because both unity and diversity of life on the planet refers and allows you to illustrate and because living beings share common characteristics through an ancestor.
Taxonomy, or science responsible for classifying organisms, had an important task in the mid -18th century. Each species had an ideal structure and function and also a place on the sequential scale of life forms. The least complex and material organisms occupied the lower step, and while the complex and spiritual organisms the superior. The individuals more adapted to an environment have a reproductive advantage over those who are not, and each of their generations will be better equipped to survive that particular environment.
Evolution can be detected when any deviation is evidence. The accumulation of small changes in the genetic heritage during a short period is called micro evolution. This involved the origin of the species, and thus in the history of life that remains recorded in a fossil record.
Lamarck was one of the precursors to understand the relationship that exists of evolution and diversity with adaptation to the environment. After studying and analyzing the succession of life forms in the strata, Lamarck concluded that the most complex organisms descended from those with less complexity. However, he was wrong to affirm that the growing complexity that certain organisms possessed was the result of a natural force, in other words, a desire for perfection to all living beings. To explain the process of adaptation to the environment, the biologist supports the idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, which, the environment could generate hereditary changes in future generations.
Biologist Charles Darwin began to gather documentation about the relationship between organisms through a common ancestor and that adapting to the influence of different environments produces some diversity.
Darwin could not help comparing animals from certain continents and from South America with those with whom he was more familiar, a clear example is the rabbits, he found hares of Patagonia in the South American grasslands. This type of hares have long limbs (legs and ears) but retained the face of a common rabbit. He decided that the adaptations develop over time (and they are not the instantaneous result of a creator) and the search on a mechanism that did this possible, based on this, the term of natural selection was proposed.
Each generation has the same reproductive potential as the previous. Therefore there is a constant struggle for subsistence, and only certain members of a certain population survive and can be reproduced in each generation. Adaptations are observed especially when organisms that are not related, which inhabit a particular environment, show similar characteristics.
Mutations are the raw material of evolutionary change;Without them, there would be no variation between individuals from a population. Many of the features that organisms have are polymorphic, that is, two or more different phenotype. In a changing environment, even a mutation that is apparently harmful can be a source of adaptive differentiation.
In terms of population genetics, members of a species have a common genetic collection, which is isolated from another species. In other words, genetic flow is presented among the population of a species but among populations of different species.
It is important to mention or highlight the role of Charles Darwin about the theory of evolution, and when coining the terminology offspring with modification, which emphasizes the adaptability of certain individuals towards a particular environment, this adaptation to the environment allowed them toindividuals have an advantage in reproduction, which directly allowed the permanence of the species, but also the disappearance of those individuals who did not obtain an evolutionary advantage.
In another area, the research carried out on similar animals on various continents once again showed the validation of Charles Darwin, Lamarck and Hardy-Weinberg, on which it bases adaptations can be evidenced on species that are not related, butthat coexist in a particular environment.
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