Utopia, Tomás Moro’S Work

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Utopia, Tomás Moro’s work

Utopia is first published in 1516, that is, in the 16th century. We must keep in mind these dates, because without a doubt, the cycle that is being lived at that time will influence the evolution of the work. In it we see as an adventurer Rafael Hitlodeo, who knows that he is an invented character, tells Moro his own experience in a republic called utopia in which he had been for a season.

As we have said before, in the work of "Utopia", it will influence and not little, the period that was being given in Europe during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Starting from this base, during those years we can place the appearance of humanism and the consequent intellectual revolution. Thanks to this, the beginnings of a political science began that with the arrival of the Renaissance will focus mainly on finding the best form of government. The humanism of the Renaissance is a reaction to the theocentrism of the Middle Ages and focuses on discovering everything in which man is involved, that is, he will go to an anthropocentric vision of life.

Here, as we can see in the work, in this humanism, it is where we place Moro. Since throughout his work he tries to make us see how Utopia, a fictional country, has the best system and government around the known world. At this time Machiavelli belongs with his work "The Prince", with which some similarities will be seen for sharing the time in which both works were created and therefore reflect the thought of the moment.

Moro then opts for the utopian genre for the search for a better government and will describe it through his work, speaking of issues such as the elimination of private property, religious tolerance, euthanasia ..

The 16th century where as we see is written the work of "Utopia", and where Tomás Moro (1478-1535) spends much of his life, it is an era where the System of the Middle Ages, the feudal system is losing importance and entering In crisis. Therefore, it is a time of changes, mercantilism is emerging and is a time marked by social problems; robberies, unemployment, landslides of the peasants of whom the gentlemen seized ..

Moro realized that they were at the end of an era, the Middle Ages, his system was falling apart, and it was necessary to move out of the crisis in which they were immersed. However, Moro lived the political, social and ideological immobility of the kingdoms of Christian Europe at the end of the 15th century, which will influence the future of the work.

This new era that was presented to them, the Modern Age, given this situation of immobility, had no fundamentals, a road map to follow, but was empty. This made Moro participate in numerous debates and discussions among thinkers, largely close friends such as Erasmus de Rotterdam, of which a considerable number of proposals for the future came. They analyzed all possible scenarios but they wanted first of all, a scenario where you could be happy. This scenario will be clearly contemplated in his work "Utopia".

But during this time, the European kings were not adapting to the future of the times, they were not taking the necessary measures to combat the crisis situation they lived, and they were also corrupt and cowards who did not make decisions not to face the most powerful and wealthy classes. These were quite likely to oppose changes and progress, because they would not want to lose the privileges they had accumulated during the Middle Ages. Tomás Moro was aware of the obstacle that these sectors of society supposed to progress, so he knew that he should face them.

He was aware that in this situation, he had to establish first the road map that should be followed because the story put a blank sheet in front of them, offered them an opportunity, both to him and the rest of humanity. And after having decided what should be done, he should explain to the rest of the population what were the changes that should be taken to end the situation of injustice they were living and had lived. In addition, he was aware that he should do it as soon as possible, because Europe was in a great crisis, full of war, hunger ..

On the other hand, the development of European trade, which leads to the birth of a new social class for merchants, was also developing exceptional corruption in the system. This corruption had spread to all the kingdoms of Christian Europe, and had affected noble and ecclesiastical authorities, had become a big problem in the eyes of Tomás Moro.

To this was united the ineptitude of many of the kings of the time that had direct and horrible consequences in their kingdoms. The latter had squandered all their money in wars with the intention of expanding their borders, they had spent money on the construction of castles, strengths … and in everything we could imagine, which had caused the ruin of numerous kingdoms.

To solve this situation, taxes increased and the kings decided to sell part of their land to noble and merchants. This as we can imagine had terrible consequences and promoted certain practices such as speculation among the most wealthy classes of society. As they gained land, and therefore accumulating wealth, they could increasingly influence politics. The peasants began to be thrown out of the lands of the feudal Lord. When these farmers arrived in the cities they were, on top, marginalized, so that in order to survive or temporarily worked with miserable salaries that were not enough to safeguard the good of their families, or lived from begging and even theft.  

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