United States of America and its History
Introduction.
When starting to talk about a country and how it has developed until today it is importantthat have led to different movements by citizens to assert their rights.
This is what in this writing will develop from all the background that the United States through its history has become to establish its entire planning and constitution structure for proper national functioning and thus being able to fulfill their responsibility with citizens to grant them aNation to enforce their rights fair and clearly, also as all these events came to turn the United States into a world power.
Developing.
The creation of what is now known as the United States of America occurred when the United Kingdom began to expand its empire to many Englishmen emigrated to this region between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, several colonies were founded specifically on the Atlantic coast that were knownLike the thirteen British colonies of North America, which are now known as: Massachusetts, Nuevo Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Virginia, existedpresence of several populations from other countries such as Germans and French to be able to take advantage of this new land.
Certain quarrels began to develop among the residents of the area that were no longer only British, which I carry in 1774 to constitute the first income, by American intellectuals to raise the independence of America as a country as a country. In 1775 the war between the United Kingdom and the American settlers began, then the second continental congress that assumes the mandates as a government is created and it is up to 1776, on July 4 that the independence of this country is signed.
From Independence, a process of democracy begins to be experienced in order to establish freedom establishing the parameters to generate a stable political system, from a national and local general perspective, as a state and local for a greater scope, this defines the government of the states of the statesUnited as a constitutional federal republic, as regards this that is based on a constitution as a supreme law, defines the structure of the federal and state government, in addition to the powers and their limitations;The federal part calls the additional fraction of the national government, but there are 50 governments (one for each State), however the people continue to choose their representatives for the different positions, that is why “Republic” is appointed.
From an external perspective, the government can be considered directly, influence and interact through different areas, since this is under the directions of the people, being able to choose their representatives through the elections, to determine positions such as: President, Congress members and other officials who will be responsible for representing so much localas stately, in order to direct and create the policies that will regulate the country for a period of time.
The United States has always been characterized by a stable political organization, as and together. This system of government has established its objectives since the beginning, to provide all citizens with equitable power without weakening protection through the existing powers established to exercise in a timely manner, without there being an agglomeration in a single organ.
This presidential and federal anatomy limits power in the Political Constitution, the president on the one hand extends his power in the Head of the State, head of the Army and in the Executive Power, which allows decision making together with other officials of thisPower, and is in power for four years. The elections are held through universal suffrage, giving the winter by obtaining the greatest plurality of votes, these votes are exercised by Americans from 18 years of age, however there are certain limitations on this right for committing certain crimes.
This process is carried out at the federal, state and local or county level to choose their respective administrators, these are participants and representatives of different political parties, however, those who win are the candidates, but always their influence determines the way of governing. It is divided into 52 states with an internal regime, but there is always the presence of two main parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party, so this country can be determined with a bipartisan democracy, although there are other parties with less influence, andthat more than 97% of the population is represented by the first parties mentioned above.
The electoral suffrage takes place every four years, on the first Tuesday of November, and there is a popular election is for the suffrage issued by the population and an electoral election through the 50 states, there are 538 electoral votes, each stateOne issues in the representative in Congress and one for each senator in the House of Representatives, which each of the states has representativeness through two senators, so each candidate needs more than half of this vote to reach thePresidency, if there is a draw, the House of Representatives will decide who becomes president.
In spite of the entire process and approval that is carried out during the election of each of the representatives to ensure that it is fair and convincing for the population, one of the strongest areas of the United States government is systematization andFederal Government Division, since it is made up of three different branches that each specializes in their respective matter to deploy responsibilities and tasks based on the Constitution so that these three are intertwined intertwined. These three branches are:
Legislative Branch: This is made upThe one known as the Lower House, the Nation’s House of Representatives constituted by represented by 435 elected members among the 50 States according to its proportion of total population and has 6 members without the right to vote that represent some territories of the country andChoose every two years.
The president is the third successor of the presidency line, in addition certain exclusive powers such as federal officials are granted or the president in case of a tie at the Electoral College, they fulfill in function when approvingAny legislation must be approved by both Chambers. A legislative process is determined through: a committee and subcommittee, full of the Chamber and Plenary of Congress.
Executive Branch: It is the most numerous fraction of the federal government, it is headed by the president, for four years as well as the vice president. The president is the most powerful individual of the Government, this has the function of the designation of the magistrates of the Supreme Court, the judges of courts;He is the leader as head of the military forces, among many others.
This branch is constituted by 15 departments that some are: Department of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Development, National Security, Treasury, Transportation, Veterans Affairs, State, Interior and Justice,each constituted by a secretary assigned by the President and approved by the Senate;And there are also many agencies and commissions, for example: stock and values commission, environmental protection agency, employment opportunities and many more, with functions in most cases to consumers or business entities, the presidents of these commissionsand agencies are appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate .
Judicial Branch: This branch is responsible for ensuring, interpreting and judging the legal cases that are challenged in Congress in criminal causes by violating a law. This branch is made up of the supreme cost and federal courtthe appeal courts known as circuit cuts or court cuts, court courts, federal claims and bankruptcy courts.
It is independent of the other two branches, it is essential to guarantee justice for Americans, in the issue of equality. Federal judges are established in the life plan, with the only dismissal of the position through a conviction by the Congress or a political hearing, the Constitution also establishes that neither the President nor the Congress can affect the judges in salary fields, bywhich provides independence as far as cases is concerned without the need for any of the organs to have weight to intervene before any case that violates the law. The Supreme Court is currently constituted by 9 magistrates and in the part of the courts the budget, number of judges and jurisdiction are appointed by Congress.
It is important to be clear how the federal system develops in this country. This is distributed between a central power and one in each state, the United States is considered a pioneer in this type of practice, it is exercised in indispensable tasks for unification and exclusivity in the economic and ordering part, taking contrary to regimes with unit states. Under federal power, state power develops, which is held in each of the 50 states, represented by a governor elected with timely legislature.
Just as there is a division of three branches that covers the entire nation, there is also a structure of the state government, so that it is represented by which the same people choose, with a similarity to the federal government since there is a boss in the partExecutive, and the other two remaining branches: judicial and legislative in a governmental way. The Executive Branch is responsible for the Administration, abide by law or supply services, the governor who is elected for 2 or 4 years, depending on each State.
The Legislative Power is composed of two chambers, with the exception of a State that is only composed of one, these chambers vary in name and fulfill similar functions, approve, supervise, designate laws in budgetary scope and ordering, as well as the supervision of the Executive Power. And the Judiciary, this is responsible for civil cases between the same State, criminals that compete with local laws, family law, among other cases, in addition to the Court of Appeals and the State Supreme Court is the part with the highest level.
In the country there is another subdivision, and they are the local governments, these include the counties that would be the first main government according to where each person living, this is under the state government and fulfills functions such as: the Civil Registry, Elections and themore part of road infrastructure, local urban, among other responsibilities and others locally, and another series of divisions in the municipal part, school, conservation districts, transportation.
On September 17, 1787, the constitution of the United States is defined as a supreme law by the constitutional convention of Philadelphia, its bases are defined in the political part and in the American law, it governs before any bill that wants to propose, beforeAny branch and government subdivision, however a fundamental role is what the state constitutions play, since the aforementioned above refers in a generalized way.
The objective of the state is in the bond part, jurisdiction of state courts, has a broad margin of freedom to exercise a power without prohibition, but must appear specifically in the State Constitution, also benefits for budgetary clarity whichIt benefits citizens by knowing carefully how the state government serves.
In the Constitution the preamble establishes: “We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, guarantee national tranquility, tend to the common defense, promote general well -being and ensure the benefits ofFreedom for us and subsequently, therefore we promulgate and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."However, many of the citizens do not feel completely safeguarded since the injustice in minorities is remarkable, which has caused great social movements to enforce their rights.
With the passage of time, social movements have been gaining strength in the American population and more and more social struggles are made by what they join in search of being heard, respected and accepted in order to be treated equally to enforce allThe guarantees that protects them in this nation. Some of the most influential social movements in this territory have been:
- Right of women to vote: one of the movements with the greatest impact and change in the history of this country was for a woman named: Susan B. Anthony, who promoted the movement called "Las votragistas" in 1852, promoting campaigns with the aim of asserting women around the United States and as a result in 1920 the vote was approved to women.
- Civil Rights: One of the main movements on this subject was between 1950 and 1960 that the fight for the right to peaceful protests and to combat racism, one of the main figures that promoted this necessary struggle was: Martin LutherKing Jr. Who led this movement with certain quite important events in this process, one of them was the speech "I have to Dream" that talked about his dream of living in a united country;He was the youngest person to receive a Nobel Peace Prize, unfortunately he died murdered. Part of this struggle has been constant, not only by figures like this, but with daily events that demonstrate as social struggles, especially racism is never to end, because of the superiority that is believed they have some races.
- LGBTQ+Rights Movement: This is one of the most current movements, and they still have great impact on society there are two important events in recent years: the first was that of a woman named Brenda Howard and is known as the mother of prideSince she organized the first pride parade, with this this word was popularized in the LGBTQ+community, this happened in 1970. The second case was that of Harvey Milk, the first person who was elected in the United States of America to take a public office was elected supervisor in 1977.
One of the most impact areas for its rigorous exercise is the law, in the country or judicial system is derived from the well -known “Common Law” for its background at the time of independence. Then one of the fundamental bases is the Supreme Law that has been the constitution of the United States of America, with principles such as: constitutional supremacy and many other laws, which as mentioned above must be approved by Congress, in addition to theTreaties possessed by the country in different areas.
To clearly define the sources of law in this country we have: the Constitution, the laws, regulations and the Anglo -Saxon law, one of the main aspects inherited from this is the so -called “Stare decisis” principle applied in the Courts. Likewise, federal law is applied, which is governed by its Constitution, to analyze and approve the laws, this by the Congress, compiled the laws approved in the United States Code;State law also applies, since the 52 states are independent and contain their own state constitutions based on the Common Law, governed by the Federal Constitution;and also other branches of law that cover each of the areas in which a crime can be violated and committed, and this is judged by specialists in the field.
Conclusions.
After studying the political system and the different areas that without fundamentals in the history and formation of this country to establish an order that has allowed the United States to be a world power, I consider that it is a fairly complex political system to be a federal system, where each State manages to establish democratically its own legislation, under tutelage of a central power.
When establishing a system of brakes and counterweights ensures that no power abuses or positions itself above the other, which makes this system quite stable, it is also concluded in a transformation and adaptation of the regime by the intense struggle of civil rights,Although there are states with very conservative positions, which makes the Constitution a very stable, inclusive and fair document in the face of any position and classification that can be given in society.
Another point to consider is the democratic that can be, since it promotes constant citizen participation in the vote from the counties, states and nationwide, always looking for a real representation of citizens in Congress, providing transparency in the electoral process andDecision making is widely manifested independently that there is a presidential figure, since responsibility does not fall directly to this, without neglecting the command exerted by the president, which are of great influence, an approval is always needed by differentparts, what a partial and fair country does.
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