Thomas Hobbes: The ‘Leviatán’ government
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher born in 1588 the most important of his time before Hegel. He studied Magdalen Hall by Oxford. For many years he was at the service of the Cavendish family. In 1634 he made a trip in which he met with Galileo, Rene Descartes y Gassendi.
Thanks to the fact that he related to many important scientists of the time which helped him form his philosophical ideas, thus finding great interest in political and social problems. For hobbes the laws that govern how people behave are the same as those of the universe. Man in natural state is antisocial by nature and only does things for desire and fear. Hobbes was the only philosopher capable of respecting social contact thus guaranteeing peace.
His writings describe the political division of that time in which there were two sides: the monarchists and the parliamentarians. Hobbes was not a supporter of any of the sides he believed that power should be in the hands of a single person who had things in order, power definitely did not come from God, but from man who did what was convenient for him and wanted.
In 1640 he moved to Paris where he began publishing manuscripts among them "De Cive" in 1642. Years later he returned to England where he already had him the most important work of him the Leviathan. In which Hobbes explains the existence of an absolutist state, "El Leviatán" in mythology is a fearsome being that he has no mercy or compassion for others, he is known as the demon and was defeated by God like this, he won the good about the wrong. The book is formed by four parts where it talks about the relationship of the State and man and power, in this case the leviathan was the government.
I present a series of parameters, the reason as a means of overcoming this was for the only way to unite the universe and nature, only the people who reasoned managed to understand the world. Social contract was the basis of the modern state, where everything was through the agreement of the social will. Violent competition or man human beings are all the same and intelligent, while Aristotle saw man as an "animal". The monarchy as a means of government being this indispensable for a society to function correctly.
Hobbes proposed a form of government that would end the civil war, which was the absolute monarchy, believed that, if a single sovereign was granted by all other citizens who had to agree through a contract, so all They would govern him based on him and nobody would do things to attempt with others.
Thomas made a philosophical statement that said: there is no objective criterion to distinguish the good king of the tyrant. Which means that like the tyrant the king has power which, if it is unlimited, there would be no difference between the king and the tyrant only that the king had approval of the people. He said that what seems good to another may seem badly, which means that it is subjective, there was no rational criterion to distinguish, the criteria were derived from passion does not give reason. Sovereign power cannot be divided, if done, it could be destroyed, if it is divided it would no longer be a sovereign power. Hobbes did not think that the mixed government was good since this was unstable, the mixed government was like a monster.
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