The world illiteracy problems
Introduction
Illiteracy is the inability that people have to read and write and it is due to the lack of learning in their childhood. It is characterized by being a social and economic problem, linked to the conditions of poverty and misery of the population. The causes of illiteracy are: poverty in the population. Insufficient schools and teachers to meet educational demand. High dropout of the primary level. Lack of knowledge of parents about the importance of child learning and literacy. Little motivation in the teaching-learning process.
Developing
Studies conducted by UNESCO reveals that: “More than 800 people worldwide do not know how to read and write. In industrialized countries the fee reaches 15%."In addition, most illiterate people are older adults who did not have the opportunity to be literate in their time. We talk about Law 1420 (1884) which was intended to extend public, secular and free education to the entire national territory, betting on education as a means of progress and social pacification, in an Argentina where there was a lot of illiteracy a lot.
The objective was to create primary and rural schools in those provinces that asked for it. That is, Láinez wanted to expand the teaching coverage so that it is free and at the same time mandatory for all children and thus combat illiteracy. It should be noted that the historical context of that time was violent. The labor movement made its demands against liberal policies that benefited the great capitals and against electoral fraud, led by the Radical Civic Union. Láinez wanted to democratize the system and argued that the country’s growth depended on education.
His idea was to establish national schools in provincial territories to massively literate and prevent immigration towards the capital. With this law the beginning of centralism in Argentine education is achieved and authorizes the National Council of Education to create and sustain educational establishments in the provinces that request it. We consider important to investigate how illiteracy largely affects the cultural, social and technological development of our Argentine society.
According to our point of view, the illiterate is in the poorest layers of our society, because it could not enter the educational system. That is why there is a great demand for labor unemployment, since they do not have finished primary and secondary studies. Illiteracy is a factor that conspires against the possibilities of development and strengthening of our cognitive abilities. That is why, before, the citizens who knew how to read and write could only vote and that is why the government almost did not deal with education, since an ignorant people wanted.
This is how the illiterate rate in Argentina is high because before people led their children to work instead of sending them to a school where they were going to learn much more. It is called that it is a social problem, since it is a factor of exclusion and marginalization, whose roots sink into the deep social inequalities. The population with less economic resources is the one that suffers the most from this inability, since it does not have enough to send their child to a school;On the other hand, the high social class does not suffer so much this,
And it is because it has all the resources and has all the needs to meet a decent education. One of the most common ways of "functional illiteracy", which is referredSchool benefits. It is said that it is illiterate who, because they were born within marginalized families, could not access the educational system due to the lack of possibilities provided by the Government.
One of the authors who fought against illiteracy was Paulo Freire said that there was an "unattainable fight against the silence of peoples through education". Freire raised the educational process as a cultural action, essential for social change and the settlement of a society formed by free men and women. For Freire, students "are never called illiterate but literacy" because for him a critical understanding of education is anchored:
- Literacy is an act of knowledge, creation and not mechanical memorization.
- Literacy are subjects of and no literacy process.
- The dialogue is the path that norths literacy praxis.
- Reading and writing complement each other.
Freire had a particular way of doing pedagogy to literate people and that there were not so many illiterates.
Emilia Ferreiro also emphasizes literacy when it says that "literacy is not a luxury or an obligation: it is a right", a right of children who will be free men and women, citizens of a world where linguistic and cultural differencesare considered a wealth and not as a defect. Cultural diversity is as important as biodiversity: if we destroy it, we will not be able to recreate it. In developed and underdeveloped countries illiteracy remains a serious problem and one of the priority issues to solve.
The objective that is today literate all illiterate adults and children who do not attend schools. One of the greatest consequences of illiteracy is unemployment, which covers all people who wish to work and do not want to give work. And there are cases of destitution, people living in maximum poverty due to lack of resources and misery, and this greatly affects the low social class – poor since they have a legal framework that covers them. These people come to accept jobs for a low salary cost.
UNESCO
It is a United Nations specialized organism. It was founded on November 16, 1945 with the aim of contributing peace and security in the world through education, science, culture and communications. Its objective is to guide peoples in a more effective management of their own development, through natural resources and culture values. It has a pacifist vocation, and among several things it is very particularly oriented to support literacy. For Unesco, being literate does not only imply knowing how to read, write and calculate,
If not, he maintains that a person must understand what he reads and then knowing how to express it clearly. Considers that literacy must function as a variable of the evolution of the society to which it belongs. Differences between a literate person and a non -literate person. Literate person: responds to spoken language and has visual precision when reading. Non -literate person: They cannot repeat a long series of syllables and are less effective in coding spoken.
conclusion
Although it is known that many are the people who have illiteracy, either because the person does not have the corresponding learning means, or because I have a different life in which it is not important to learn, but only work, this is a fact thatEvery day it becomes more visible, and it is sad to see in the century that we find ourselves and that now more than ever it is still evidenced by the lack of education and illiteracy, and it is very important to make a call so that people can acquire the corresponding education.
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