THE USE AND IMPORTANCE OF GEOMETRY IN ARCHITECTURE
Geometry is considered a branch of mathematics that is responsible for studying geometric figures and their properties either in the plane or within space with relationships between areas, volumes and distances. The main examples of geometry are the points and straight, parallel, perpendicular, polyhedra and curves. The existing relationship between architecture-geometry is indispensable, since architecture needs geometry to create a structural design, volume of spaces and volumes for the materials to be used, there is also a great relationship with art that is already very much usedTo be able to give spatial depth within the works.
Geometry to the present state since the beginning of architecture, that is, from Roman and Greek culture where they were based on a set of elements related to each other that will cause in the final work a harmony, unity and proportion to achieve the basic standardsof beauty which produces a historical style with its own characteristics. In order to achieve the proportion between its parts within a construction they used the golden number, PHI or the famous gold number which according to Euclid says: “A straight line is divided between the end and its proportional when the entire line is to the major segmentAs the oldest is the child ". (Kömmerling, 2011, paragraph 4)
The main examples of the use of this number within the architecture is in the work of the architects Ictino, Calícrates and Fidias known worldwide as: the partner of Athens.
Another architectural work well known for the use of the Phi number is the Notre Damme Cathedral in the city of Paris, which was built by several architects of the time.
Within modern and contemporary architecture, geometry continues to play very important roles in constructions, since in order to administer the spaces they use geometry, a clear example of the use of geometry in modern architecture is the Metropol Parasol that is found in Seville, Spain and was designed by a German architect named Jürgen Mayer.
The best known name within modern architecture is that of the Swiss Charles-édouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) which uses geometry as a fundamental basis for its profession. Le Corbusier always focused on the use of the right angle: “For him, draw a cross, which is made of four straight angles, implies seizing space, taking possession each of his universe, because the axes ofcoordinates, where you can measure and represent the space ". (Chaparro, 2018, paragraph 7)
In the architecture and creation of spaces, geometry will always be present and that there is always an application of geometric figures for the creation of something new. The triangles are widely used in structures that need great rigidity to be able. The circle is within most works, the main characteristics of the circular structures is that it can resist winds of large speeds and inside the temperature will always be fresh. The square or symmetrical figures is widesymmetry. The rectangle is usually used to mark the dimensions and lengths of the buildings walls. Another very common element is the arc that its main constructive characteristic is to transmit the weight of the entire construction to the same point.
The basis to understand an architectural construction is descriptive geometry which is a graphic language of things, as Monge ‘said it accurately represent, through two -dimensional drawings, the objects that have three ”, this is also based onThe analysis of the forms because what you want to get is not only to graph architecture, but to get to understand and read architecture. As Mandrazo said:
The architecture is first conceived in the universe of the abstract, with instruments that belong to the sphere of the intellectual, and only in a second stage it becomes a physical object, that relationship (constructed-thought) is also discovered within the geometric universe in thereality reality-representation;to the point of being able to affirm that geometry is the most elementary system of man -created by man to appropriate the reality that surrounds him. "This is why, thanks to geometry, our gaze goes beyond the appreciation of architecture" (Pozo, 2002, p. 36)
Therefore, geometry is the basis to create symmetric and dynamic architectural spaces, the relationship between these two is very large, since architecture without geometry did not exist. A great advantage of geometry within architecture is the ability to take advantage of all spaces in the best way and save the use of all materials within an architectural work. So, with the correct use of geometry, its figures and concepts will achieve a good architectural work. In conclusion, geometry will always be present in the minimum design or creation of space
Bibliography
- Mijangos, r. A. (March 29, 2011). Architectural Science. Retrieved on October 20, 2019, "The importance of geometry in architecture: geometry as a paradigm of architecture": https: // science architectone.WordPress.com/2011/03/29/la-importance-of-the-geometrization-in-the-architecture-the-geometry-as-peadigma-of-the-architecture/#comments/#comments
- Matus, c. (September 29, 2013). Prezi. Obtained from how geometry is applied in the building.: https: // prezi.com/bvbv8zokx0f-/as-se-Aplica-la-geometria-in-the-edification/
- Kömmerling. (November 23, 2011). Kömmerling Challenge. Obtained from the golden proportion in architecture: https: // challenge.com/la-propporcion-aurea-in-the-architecture/
- Cn, d. (November 7, 2013). Slideshare. Obtained from geometry applied in building: https: // es.Slideshare.NET/DVDCN/Institute-Tecnologico-De-Chetumal-28004159?Next_slideshow = 3
- Let’s talk about cultures. (January 18, 2019). Retrieved on October 20, 2019, from modern architecture: history, which is, characteristics and more: https: // let’s talk.com/architecture-modern/#buildings
- Chaparro, l. (August 27, 2018). Open Mind. Retrieved on October 20, 2019, from Le Corbusier, geometric architecture to the human measure: https: // www.BBVAOPENMIND.com/science/large-people/le-corbusier-architecture-geometric-a-the-human-human/
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