The Olympic Movement
The Olympic Games (Jeux Olympiques in French, and Olympic Games in English), Olympics or Olympics are the largest multidisciplinary international sporting event in which athletes from various parts of the world participate. The Olympic Games are considered the main competition of the sports world, with more than two hundred participating nations. There are two types: the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games, which are held with a two -year interval, according to the Olympic Charter: «The Olympiad Games are held during the first year of an Olympiad, and the games Winter Olympics during his third year ».
Olympic rings are the main symbol of modern Olympic Games, one of the most recognized emblems in the world and a peace symbol.
Modern Olympic Games were inspired by the Olympic Games of the seniority of the seventh century to. C. organized in ancient Greece based in the city of Olimpia, made between 776 to. C. and the 393 of our era. In the nineteenth century, the idea of performing some events similar to those organized in ancient times arose, which would be mainly made thanks to the efforts of the French noble Pierre Frèdy, Baron de Coubertin. The Baron of Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. Since then, the IOC has become the coordinating body of the Olympic movement, with the Olympic letter that defines its structure and authority.
The first edition of the so -called Olympic Games of the Modern Era was held in Athens, capital of Greece, as of April 6, 1896. Since that time, the only exceptions of 1916, 1940 and 1944 have been carried out every four years, due to the outbreak of the First and Second World War; and postponed 2020 by 2021, by the Covid-19 pandemic.
The evolution of the Olympic movement during the twentieth and twenty -first centuries has resulted in several modifications in the Olympic Games. Some of these adjustments include the creation of winter sports games, Paralympic Games for athletes with some type of disability and youth Olympic Games for teenage athletes. Winter Olympic Games were held for the first time in 1924, in the French town of Chamonix. Originally made as part of the summer event, the IOC considered them as a retroactively separate event, and since that date they began to be held in the same year as the original games. Subsequently, in order to enhance the development of winter events, the IOC decided to laug. From that date, the Winter Olympic Games are held in the pairs between two summer games. The first Summer Youth Olympic Games were held in Singapore in 2010, while the Winter Youth Olympics were held in Innsbruck in 2012.
The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic, political and technological advances. As a result, the Olympic Games have moved away from pure amateurism, as planned by Coubertin, to allow the participation of professional athletes. The growing importance of the mass media began the issue of sponsorship of companies and the marketing of games. Large boycots were held during the Cold War in the 1980 and 1984 games.
The Olympic movement consists of international federations of each sport, national Olympic committees and organizing committees of each edition. The IOC is responsible for the choice of the city. According to the Olympic Charter, the host city is responsible for the organization and financing of the games. The Olympic program, composed of sports in the Games, is also determined by the IOC. There are several symbols and Olympic ceremonies, such as Olympic flag and torch, as well as opening and closing ceremonies. About 13,000 athletes compete at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games in 33 different sports and in approximately 400 events. The winners of the first, second and third place in each event receive Olympic medals: gold, silver and bronze, respectively.
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