The new institutionalism and traditional institutionalism
Introduction
This essay seeks to explain traditional institutionalism and new institutionalism, for which, a comparative analysis will be exposed that will allow to determine the main similarities and differences between these two aforementioned approaches.
As their own names reflect them, both traditional institutionalism and the new institutionalism have the starting point of their study, institutions, for this reason it is necessary to establish a definition in this regard, definition that is not uniform, because the term has Several meanings, however, it can be stated that according to what is established by the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy (2014): “Institutions are each of the fundamental organizations of a State, Nation or Society”.
Traditional institutionalism has its origin and develops at the end of the 19th and mid -twentie For the correct functioning of society, in other words, it affirms that institutions are fundamental to life in society since they shape social behavior, behavior, which generates social order and causes results in collective life.
The new institutionalism originates and develops in the early last decade, it is necessary to mention that, for many authors, the new institutionalism emphasizes the most autonomous role that institutions have, where contributions from very diverse sciences such as the economy have been incorporated, History, sociology, among others, that what they allow is to help their postulates have greater strength and precision.
New institutionalism and traditional institutionalism
Traditional institutionalism:
The origin and development of traditional institutionalism does not originate until the end of the 19th and mid -twentieth centuries, however; In a brief lines, it can be stated that in previous dates there was already reference to the institutions, for example, in the works of Aristotle an approach to the study and analysis of the institutions was evidenced, which also happened with the social contract with which An agreement was sought that allowed life in society, social order and peaceful coexistence and with other postulates that arose over time.
The object of study of traditional institutionalism lies in political, public institutions, since this approach gives great relevance to functioning, the organization of society, to social life in general, which is why, it has a privileged attachment with the legal-normative structure, that is, it is a fairly formalistic-legalistic approach that is responsible, in general terms of the formal organizations of the government.
In the same way, as Santiago Basabe (2007) manifests in his work “Institutions and Institutionalism in Latin America-theoretical perspectives and disciplinary approaches”: traditional institutionalism observes and compares the entire social system and not institutions in particular institutions. Therefore, the guiding principles of such current focus on the inclusion and complexity of the different segments of society, discarding the autonomy and independence of the actors regarding the political and social and social structures and spheres.
The study methods used by traditional institutionalists are basically three;
Frank Sánchez (2012), explains methods as follows;
- Descriptive-Inductive: Because it uses the techniques of the historian to analyze specific institutions and that, based on the observations made, induction is used to extract consequences from the same.
- Formal-Legal: This method is divided into two aspects: the first is the study of public law since as previously stated this approach is quite legalistic and the second is the study of formal organizations that include the State.
- Historical-Company: Since this approach argues that only institutions can be reached in depth from the comparison between different forms of government, in order to apprehend the different experiences about its utility performance and functioning in different contexts.
THE NEW INSTITUTIONALISM:
The new institutionalism originates in the early last decade. The same that includes different and varied approaches such as the historical, sociological, economic, etc.
Among its most important aspects, the use of new, better and varied methods of studies/analysis, because the methodology used in the new institutionalism is based on interdisciplinary work, on the dialogue of knowledge.
In order to obtain different points of view, on this approach, it is necessary to expose the different considerations that the authors have in this regard;
- For Santiago Basabe (2007), the proposal of the new institutionalism focuses so much on the adaptation of individual preferences to institutional structures and in the ability of the latter to generate different social results to the objectives of maximization of well -being proposed by the actors. (Basabe, 2007)
- For José Vargas Hernández (2008), the new institutionalism is based on a methodological individualism that is based on the principle that all the results of human actions are explained by individual action whose interactions in structures legitimize institutions. (Vargas, 2008)
Conclusions:
After having made this essay, it can be concluded that:
- The human being at all times and place is in a constant search to analyze and study the various circumstances and situations that surround it, as is the case of institutions, which have been the starting point and the study axis of the two Approaches exposed throughout the work, that is to say of traditional institutionalism and the new institutionalism, in order to carry out postulates, treaties, reports, theories that contribute to a better life in society.
- The various situations that human beings are going through throughout history are not static, change, modify and with them human beings, for this reason it is seen in the imminent need to modify and evolve institutionalism with the objective with the objective to improve it to obtain greater benefits for society.
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