The Illustration And Emergence Of This Movement In Europe

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The illustration and emergence of this movement in Europe

Illustration is called the Movement of Intellectual, Cultural, Ideological and Political Renewal that emerged in Europe as a result of progress, dissemination of new ideas and new scientific cooking.

(Goncal Mayos, 2007) Explains: Hegel links the illustration to the modern process that prioritizes the rational reflection of the human thinking subject, but criticizes his abstraction, unilaterality and analytical coldness, dichotomizer and that ‘solidifies the differences’. This is what Hegel prevents – all reconciliation or dialectical synthesis and which has as inevitable the violence of the French Revolution. (p. eleven)

For his part, Ernst Cassirer, in the philosophy of the Enlightenment, highlights the reformulation of the very nature of philosophy. Recovering the most authentic philosophical attitude, the Enlightenment avoids falling to ‘the spirit of system’ that wants ‘imprison’ ’each and every knowledge, but without being asystematic. It gives great importance to the rigorous analysis and classification, but avoids starting from indisposable metaphysical principles. Thus, prioritize the most vital concerns, within a method of method, a mentality or a way of thinking that you have to call ‘enlightened’. (p. eleven)

The same who illuminated the minds of men, at the same time contribute to modifying their spirit. The illustration reached its greatest development in the 18th century, called for this the century of lights.

Throughout Europe there was talk that it was living in the time of the lights, in which the men illuminated by reason had to establish a new organization that had to replace the old expiration regime.

The main characteristic of this current of thought is to defend the use of reason, not the use of faith to understand and solve social problems. From the Middle Ages, this movement has defended the theological ideas that dominated Europe and defended the field of reason. The philosophers of the Enlightenment believe that this way of thinking aims to shed light on the darkness of society.

According to Aramayo (2001), Immanuel Kant’s enlightened criteria states that what is a balance between rationalism and empiricism because he mentions that God, law, morals, nature, all because knowledge begins in our senses, so the aforementioned philosopher undertakes a criticism of reason through a court that will guarantee legitimate claims and cancel unfounded presumptions. Not through authoritarian criteria if not, through eternal and immutable laws that the reason possesses through opinions similar to those of the Court based on human reason and everything that tries to separate from criticism, citing as an example to the relieved religion or coded legislation that seek to manipulate the facts based on their own benefit.

Based on Foucault (1984), illustration is not an accumulator of knowledge but rather is a guideline that focuses on the implementation of cognitive abilities, due to those who have less knowledge, it is considered blind in a world full of questions, For at this point an enlightened must not necessarily have the universal knowledge of everything, only to know how to use their knowledge, questioning itself in moments of uncertainty, strengthening itself in what you do not know.

Immanuel Kant said that individuals focus their attention on the liberation of man which appears in his limited ability to make use of his intelligence, without the direction of someone else, because he requires nothing more than one thing, his freedom to know and to make public use of their reason entirely in search of clarifying the uncertainty of the situational panorama of its existence.

The enlightened movement deeply inspired many cultural and social changes, the most iconic of them was the French revolution raised on May 5, 1789 in the European continent that center its ideals in freedom, equality, fraternity, sharing with the illustrated criteria, because they aimed to end the oppression that underwent a nation undergoing the monarchy and bourgeoisie of that time.

This was given because at that time, knowledge was only in the hands of the wealthy oligarchs and in the members of the Catholic Church, who made an improper use of knowledge, because they forced the less favored or proletarian classes to work the lands and to serve them unconditionally because they proclaimed themselves as the owners of absolute truth, punishing, humiliating, killing those who disregarded their mandates, thus generating a state of dictatorial monarchy. 

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