The human cell and its functions
The human cell is a very small organism that can only be visible through a microscope. Like the organelles, it has several functions, one of them form the red blood cell tissues.
Next we will mention what are the parts of the human cell.
- Microtubes
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Microfilaments
- Nucleolus
- Cytoskeleton
- Mitochondria
- Plasma nucleus
- Golgi apparatus
- Cellular membrane
- Nuclear membrane
- Gallbladder
- Vacuolas
- Lysosomes
- Centriolos
- Nucleus
Human cell functions
- Provides the energy that the organism needs
- Act between the different symptoms of the body
- They are in charge of the reproduction process
- They also form several types of cells
- Is responsible for bringing food to process them as substances
- Store the molecules of the endoplasmic reticulum and move it off the cell
How many chromosomes does a human cell have?
Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, 23 of the father of the individual and 23 of the mother. Sexually, the 23 pairs include an X and a chromosome and in males and two X chromosomes in females. Genes code for protein, enzymes, glycoproteins (proteins made of amino acids and then receive the lateral carbohydrate chain in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi of cells), structural proteins, hormones and muscle proteins, and general cell phone protein.
The 23 pairs of chromosomes each contain the coding of hundreds of heads from the head to the tail. Approximately 25,000 genes fill the 23 human chromosomes in total. The double DNA propeller is packaged by protein in a condensed structure called chromatin.
This allows very long DNA molecules to be in the cell core. Chromosomes must be replicated, divided and successfully passed to their daughter cells to ensure genetic diversity and survival of their offspring. Human beings have multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell core. Each chromosome has a centromere, with one or two arms projecting from it.
Difference between human and bacterial cells
Human cells differ from bacterial cells in a variety of ways. Bacterial cells usually have cell walls, while human cells do not. Most bacteria have only one circular chromosome;Human cells have chromosomes pairs that are stored in a DNA complex and linear protein, called chromatin, which must be unwanted to be transcribed.
Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus, nor do they have organelles, ‘small organs’ with specific functions. A very important organelle found in all human and eukaryotic cells is mitochondria. Bacterial cells can have extra -tromosomic elements, which are not found in human cells.
A type of extachromosomal element that is found in most bacterial species is called plasmid. Plasmids are extraquromosomic elements that are self-applied. Plasmids can carry a variety of genes, in particular, genes that the code for antibiotic resistance. They can also be transferred between bacteria by horizontal gene transfer.
An island of pathogenicity is a region of chromosomal coding for virulence genes whose sequence suggests that it was acquired by transfer of horizontal genes;It may have been a plasmid that was incorporated into the chromosome.
The pathogenicity islands are detected by comparing the percentage of cytosine guanine located on the island with which it is located in the rest of the chromosome;GC’s content tends to vary according to the species. Once acquired, an island of pathogenicity is copied during replication with the rest of the genome.
A transposon is a piece of DNA that has recognizable genes that are inserted in the chromosome or in a plasmid. Transposons tend to move around the genome, but they can also pass between bacteria. Because they move around, sometimes they are called ‘jumping genes. ‘The number and location of transposons can vary in the bacterial genome;This makes them useful to distinguish between bacteria of the same species. The IS6110 transposon is the basis of one of the typing systems used for M. tuberculosis.
A special type of transposon has a gene capture system;These are known as integrons. The integrons are found in bacterial chromosomes, in plasmids and transposons. The gene system capture system allows you to take free DNA in the environment in a way known as a gene cassette, and integrate it into the genome and express the gene. The most common gene cashetes identified to date are for antibiotic resistance.
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