The horrors and changes of the First World War
Introduction
¨The World War I was one of the most deadly and prolonged war events that, until that moment, had lived in the history of mankind. This is a military conflict that began on July 28, 1914 as a confrontation located in the Austro-Hungarian and Serbian Empire;It became an armed confrontation on European scale when the Austro-Hungarian declaration of war extended to Russia on August 1, 1914;And finally became a World War, in which 32 nations participated, completed in 1918.¨
¨ After war, the disorganization of the political and economic sector seized throughout Europe, but brought very important changes in other sectors, as in the social. The development of World War I had an important series of social consequences, among which are the most the incorporation of women into the productive system, the impoverishment of the middle classes, revolutionary surveys, human losses, impacts on theart, changes in the industry, and the social gap and psychological discomfort.¨
Social consequences after the great war
New role of women
¨The woman had always been linked exclusively to domestic work. Once the great war had ended, there was a boom in her participation within the industrial and production sector, this being one of the main impacts of the conflict;The great monopoly was broken that had so far been defined only by the male gender, this caused a modification to be established in the schemes already established for the development of capitalism. On the other hand, due to the large number of men who died for different causes, the woman turned her head and unique authority inside the home.
During the war, the woman obtained awareness of the ability she had to develop tasks similar or equal to those of a man. Apart from the important incorporation in this area, the woman won, in her own right, a relevant position in society due to the right to vote that they reached in a variety of western countries. ¨
Impoverishment of the middle classes
“After the war conflict, the middle classes suffered from mass impoverishment, and due to the need of the moment, there was a great boom in the production of weapons and contemplation of food. The workers suffered a great loss of the purchasing power of their salaries due to inflation and witnessed an intense labor agitation made in a wave of strikes that echoed the Bolshevik-Rusa revolution."
Revolutionary surveys
“The opposition to war, began to extend even from the military sector, so that the first revolutionary uprisings began to appear, influenced in the same way for what was happening in Russia with the Bolshevik revolution."
“Socialism and trade union movement reappeared with its antibelist character, but with the creation of international II that new revolutionary force was divided. Many of those socialists contrary to war later entered the governments willing to combat social inequalities and economic problems that polished their countries, but with the desire to curb the Bolshevik ideas that seemed to extend outside Russia."
“It was thanks to them that measures were approved that people longed for a long time, such as the reduction of day to 8 hours a day or the creation of the International Workers Organization."
Human casualties
“According to various records, the Great War left up to ten million deaths and about twenty million wounded military, which for many countries involved losing a large percentage of its inhabitants. This had very decisive consequences for the following generations."
“In addition to direct human losses, the great war also brought with it the flowering of diseases. For example, the epidemic exanthematical typhus, which is transferred by lice, consistently affected 25 million people around Europe."
“Likewise, the well -known flu pandemic was extended in 1918, which killed 50 million civilians worldwide. In the same way, the Spanish flu spread, called because Spain was the only territory in which it was reported, since the countries involved in the war censored all information to civilians."
Impacts on art
¨During and after war, a ‘terrible sadness’ is reflected in artistic expression, marked by frozen images, bleak colors. Art seeks new horizons after the First World War due and a turn towards photography and cinema is given. The horror of fighting caused in art a renewal in search of inspiration. The impact caused by the Great War resulted in Europe to an attempt to break with the culture that seemed exhausted and at the birth of a series of groups called "the avant -garde".¨
¨A type of avant -garde is Dadaism. This arises in 1916 in Switzerland as a protest movement. You are formed by a group of artists including painters, poets and sculptors, which unites them as a common feeling "the horror of war".¨
Changes in industry
¨The great war is characterized by being the first confrontation in which there was use of chemical weapons, which at first had the intention of causing so many casualties in dead, but rather weakening the enemy to distract their priorities. This had a great impact on the industry, because agriculture was totally damaged and even eliminated in some areas;Because at the time this was the greatest income for many nations, there was a great economic decay. ¨
Social gap and psychological discomfort
“World War I provided an extremely strong social gap in the population of the participating countries, due to the large number of orphan and widows that caused."
“Likewise, the survivors of the Great War had to deal with amputations, disability and permanent disabilities, which made it difficult for them to continue prior to war, since in these societies there were no modern prostheses doctors or modern prostheses."
“Similarly, many of the soldiers who refused to participate in the contests ended in psychiatric or prison centers, because they did not meet the patriotic obligations that were demanded after the war."
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