The History of Chile 1970 -1973 and the coup d’etat
This documentary is set in 1970, in which as a consequence of the democratic election of Marxist Salvador Allende and a planned boycott, Chile suffered a strong economic crisis that was worsening over time. Upon arriving at the Government, the then President Allende quickly implemented his communist plan in the country giving positive results the first years of management having the increase in 7.7% of gross domestic product, VAT increased by 13.2% and the unemployment rate fell considerably, however, at the end of 1971 the inflation that was being repressed at that time came out afloat. In 1972 this inflation exceeded tolerable limits, exceeding 200% and the foreign currency deposits that the country had descended below the 77,000,000us $, in August the Chilean currency was devalued by 85% (imports) and 33% (Exports), clearly, what had been achieved previous years regarding the unemployment rate, was immediately lost. In the months of January, February and March of the following year the economy of Chile was extremely worrying, the long rows to access rationalized foods were already concurrent and due to the authorization of the price increase by 30% and 150% From most food and industrial products, the various strikes and strikes began to emerge as a way to externalize the discontent of the population, so when they reached a fairly palpable political disunity, the coup d’etat by Pinochet arises finding a country in a rather catastrophic economy and starting a time of terror for socialist supporters, including Victor Jara.
With the implement of the Allende Government Plan, a leftist state was built from which small Chilean conservative groups and DC militants were against, reaching some political confrontation, but still, it was not something extremely worrying for the State or people. With the passing of time, this political thought was reaching more people by noticing that they were economically affected, generating a larger group of “anti-socialists” that went to the streets to protest (this shows this in small parts of thedocumentary film). When the Allende government was overthrown, Pinochet declared a state of siege throughout Chile, this being taken as the perfect excuse to commit various violation crimes of human rights, the Chilean political situation was aggrieved having Pinochet retaining its commander position inChief of the Army, self-proclaiming president of the Republic and assuming in turn the positions of Captain General with the Supreme Chief of the Nation, on the other hand, the Congress (specifically the Legislative Power) was replaced by the Military Board.
By winning a communist party in a democratic way, it can then be induced that the majority of Chileans shared that ideology, but reached more people through the supporter of the PS and political singer Victor Jara, who became, along with more militants, in theWhite of torture later becoming murdered. From Allende’s election to the coup d’etat organized by Pinochet (1970-1973), many Chileans opted for migration to neighboring countries due to the unstable economy in his homeland, but in it, nothing seemed to improve, little by little theshortage and rise in basic products were noted and with it, the groups that from the beginning were against communism and the same people who shared socialist ideology were changing their way of thinking until they reached such a point to sympathize with Commander AugustoPinochet and being in favor of the power of this and given the circumstances, the coup d’etat was successful, however, having already happened this new event, things did not improve for the Chilean population, an inequality ofNotable income and deportation of a significant amount of Chilean people soon arrived. This dictatorship brought with him various human rights violations, being explicit in the documentary where he is narrated as people with different ideology to Pinochet’s were taken as political hostages without any justifiable reason, becoming tortured and if they had too much bad luckBeing public figures or influential people in society, they were killed. An approximate of 28259 Chileans went through this situation giving as a result of such ideological discrimination to 1209 missing and 2298 executed.
As mentioned earlier, the economy in Chile, very apart from not working in the manner planned by the PS, ceased to have some exit opportunity as a consequence of the boycott from the United States, and why was all this generated? Simple: Chile was the world’s first socialist country. Among the 1970-30, the other South American countries were governed by rightist dictators, ultraconservative-Christians or were involved in their own economic conflicts, leaving the Chilean Republic as the only socialist country, the government of which the United States immensely disagreed. In 1971, the White House made the important decision to end the convertibility of the dollar, harming most countries, including Chile, thus destabilizing the economy and all the "progress" that the socialist government had had until themoment. In 1972, the evidence (secret documents) of the ITT in which the plan to overthrow the communist government, but even more noticeable was even the economic blockade towards Chile by the United States by the United States, is therefore even more public, that is whythat Allende proceeds to denounce this attack before the UN, however, only obtained evasive responses from E.AND.OR.OR. The Chilean replica consisted of compensation by increasing exchanges with all countries.
- Right to life and physical integrity: political hostages taken by the Pinochet military and taken to the Chile stadium, were tortured and most of them, killed.
- Right to freedom of opinion: if a person expressed his support for the Socialist Party publicly, it was quite likely that he was retained and executed without any justifiable reason.
- Right to peace and tranquility: in the government of Allende, the Chilean population did not enjoy an environment conducive to living due to the various economic difficulties of the country, and when it was declared in a state of siege by the coup d’etat, thePeace and tranquility were disturbed by the insecurity generated by the Pinochet dictatorship, added to the uncertainty of the country’s future in all existing senses.
- Right to freedom of circulation: many Chileans were arbitrarily exiled.
- Right to freedom and personal security: the freedom of socialist militants was restricted without being provided by law, being detained unjustified.
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