The Christmas carol within the work The Coflades of the Estleya de Juan de Araujo
Introduction
I want to publicize the present work on the Christmas carol within the work of the Coflades of the Estleya of Juan de Araujo, which is a very important and interesting theme within the history of universal music and as well as part of Peru, being ofa lot of relevance, because we will find historical facts and as this transcends until our current. Having chosen this issue makes me honor in knowing more about its history and giving readers, so that it is more known to this issue and remain part of our culture.
This issue is very important for people who are not in their knowledge and youth today, they are agreed, value and aware, much by the carols, which is a form of worship, sung to great fervor andfaith in each one, in order to be in an environment of unity, fellowship, peace, harmony and love for all with their loved ones. Seeing later through these adversities we will find why it is very significantly for us such as knowing where all this, in its beginnings, origins, as was its evolution until today, the knowledge of a composer who transcended part ofOur history of Peru and thus see that wealth we will find within its musical compositions, being in this way that we will gradually understand knowing how to value, be cults and not lose this tradition later and that this musical genre from generation to generation is in force.
Developing.
Part this movement, first, by political events, since these historical facts that manifest were manifested at the end of the 15th century, such as: disagreements, threats, battles, expeditions and conquests of new lands of the Incas of the Incas. After all these events, later in 1524, Francisco Pizarro made these new lands of the New World made his first trip. Subsequently, Pizarro, made more expeditions and explorations with more Spanish to these new lands and thus reaching the conquest of Peru in 1532. Beyond or climb, move from one scope to another crossing the limit that separates them. Century of innovations and opens the era of discoveries in;Technologies, social and cultural.
The slaves came in the middle of the fifteenth century, where Portuguese merchants began to traffic slaves from the coast of Guinea. The Catholic Monarchs made a unification project [Footnoteref: 3] that for which, it was after the reconquest in 1492, in this project it was in order to homogenize the population, they are being dictated by religious terms. Action to combine or mix the same gender or make two or more elements form a single unit. Equal to uniform a subject that belongs or is part of the same gender without any differentiation.
The people of color were cheerful figures, stopped singing and dancing the carols (Spanish songs), these with choruses such as the word "Gulumbé Gulumbá". They did this as good Catholics, entering members of a brotherhood. Color people lived in apparent harmony [Footnoteref: 6] to the cultural reality of the New World, making a notable essential difference in the prejudice that Spanish and colonial society feared towards the dances and songs that people made of color. Combination or balance despite distinctions. Currently the Christmas carols are sung in Catholic parties such as: in the New Year, in the Download of Kings and Christmas.
There was a commercialization of these musical issues, responding to the needs of a modern market. You are with an idea of the exoticism of the African roots of the American continent and thus perpetuating cultural colonialism. Tendency to assimilate artistic forms and styles of a country or culture other than their own. There were together for blacks and mulattos in the streets and neighborhoods;They danced to the compass of music. As there were also complaints towards them for an indecent dance that blacks made.
They were originally prior songs and current. This genre is a well -structured or poetic musical form;consisting of two or four verses called chorus or chorus, together with couplets or stanzas, these were a bit long and alternated with the choir. The carols are sung by a soloist and harmonized by several voices.
Evolution of the carol
Subsequently, in Spain in the mid -fifteenth century, troubadour art predominates, these were musicians and poets that made up songs with love theme, [Image: Literature on romanticism: What is a minstrel?] propaganda and with a worldview;These works showed the beginning of a cultural and political history;as he was also part of his literature being a basic source of poetry. At the end of the fifteenth century and during the next century called "The Golden Age" originating in Spain, it was a cultural period of great brilliance and creativity, thus being a flowering of art and literature in Castilian letters.
Polyphony appearance
The Christmas carols were glossed and treated polyphonicly by poets and musicians who served the nobility;The Christmas carols fulfilled a primary function in the structure of Spanish dramatic works of the 16th and 18th centuries;Thus, the carol took boom, since it was linked to the reconquest of Spain and the discovery of America;since the Spanish theater was transferred to the American colonies, thus reinforcing the music transplant;being cultivated until the 18th century.
Evolution of the carol in later centuries
Then the carol outside Spain among the following countries;Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Latin America and Portugal;With the passing of the centuries it evolved both in ideals, in the form of worship, in dances, songs of soloists or choirs and in instrumental assemblies;Within them each country had some differences in the carol, they had as their personal touch, but clearly not lost their hierarchy and in the form of worship.
Much later the genre was expanded, to include diverse issues, so that the evolution of the carol is now religious theme, sung in churches and Christian custom, associated with the celebration of Christmas holidays of the Lord. We can say that the religious carol represents the evolution of the lyric poetry throughout history, being currently a Christmas song of any kind of extension, metric and rhyme .
The carol is formed by two elements: the chorus or choir, consists of two or four verses, these are a set of words in a poetic way and rhymes;The couplets or stanzas were also four verses with rhyme, these couplets were like a way to extend the carol by making an alternation between the chorus and the couplet, to give one or more round to the carol when singing it.
Know the most traditional Colombian Christmas carols in the country] in its classical form in the carol marks the guideline of the melody of the song supported by a serious accompaniment, this refers to the fact that they were sung to four tips or also called four voices being this byTwo acute voices and two low voices, being accompanied with a continuous instrument such as the piano, harp, among others;which forms a good harmonic support among the internal voices. The high record carries the text, which follows the melody in syllabic mode, ending the verse is where various cadences are generally. They are sung by choirs of children or adults in churches, theaters, presentations, in parade, among others;consisting of a single purpose of worshiping the child God.
Juan de Araujo-Age, hometown, Biography | He was born in Villafranca-Spain in 1646, he was an interpreter and composer of principles in the middle American a period known as a American viceregal musician. I arrived at Peru with his father who was an official of Viceroy Conde Lemos, so Araujo studied his higher studies in Lima, at the National University of San Marcos and part of his musical training studied with Tomás de Torrejón and Velasco, since this way AraujoIn his works he has some stylistic similarities of these both artists.
In 1670 at 24 years of age he was appointed Master of Chapel of the Cathedral of Lima-Peru. In the current years he then traveled to Panama and Guatemala being equal function as a chapel teacher. Upon his return to Peru, he was hired of the same function in Cuzco and later in 1680 as his 34 years of age, of equal function in Sucre in the Cathedral of La Plata in Alto Peru-Bolivia, where he remained from that year until his deathIn 1712 at 66 years of age.
Works distributed in some places
In the archive of the Cathedral of Sucre, most of his works known as a religious and profane style are preserved. He was a composer of vast production, about 165 items not all completely completely. These works are distributed in the archives of the Cathedral of Sucre, in the Seminary of San Antonio-Abad del Cuzco, in the National Historical Museum of Montevideo, in the church of San Ignacio in Moxos-Bolivia and in the intimate collection of Julia Elena ElenaFortun in La Paz;But fundamentally the amount of the works corresponds to the Sucrense file. As also the chronicles say that, it was very applauded by the sum of their compositions ”and“ for the care and surveillance that he always showed in the teaching his choristers.Set of written or manuscript documents. Story that transmits events.
Some of his most relevant works
His works were of a rhythmic complexity, with a polyrural treatment and contained part of some words from African languages. On the part of the literature the carol contained techniques with linguistic malformations of the Castilian, being very criticized only for some people. They were reflected by stereotyped and superficial perceptions of poets, as in peninsular and colonial composers.
Part of his works predominates [Footnoteref: 14] The Christmas carol, being a Castilian text with interesting and beautiful coral elaborations in Latin like some of them, the "lamentation-second Holy Wednesday", this was two acute tips and two lowI continue the harp, and with a counter -patrible plot. His text in the carol is black dialect, such as the carol “The Coflades de la Egeya”, being six voices and a continuum. This work was transcribed and published by the DR. Robert Stevenson, one of the fundamental pillars of this discipline that has made so many important contributions.
Historical context of the work The Coflades de la Egeya
As one of them the Coflades de la Egeya, Negritos to Christmas of the Lord ”, is a work that went through a history of colonial and modern imagination of the African subject through his repertoire. It was intended to represent in text-verbal and musical the "reality" as one of them in the culture of Africans in the old and new world, since blacks were given to sub-represent the African subject, placing it in the hegemonic.
This work approaches African languages for stereotyped and meaningless use of the words "sound", since this enriched the musical composition giving color to the work such as, for example, the word "Gulumbé, Gulumbé, Gulumbá". As also about the polyrural treatment, being four voices and the piano as continuous. This work has a counterpoint, harmonious, rhythmic vivacity texture and with a fertile melodic imagination with coherence. Two or more independent voices that sound horizontally and repeat simultaneously.
Conclusions.
The word "carol" arises because the village or peasant was called Villanus, these were inhabitants of a rural population away from the city. It was traditional in Spain very popular between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries. Thus, the name of these communal songs were known as "carol", this was done so that there is a difference between the nobles and they. These Christmas carols were sung at popular festivals, but without a religious theme, the main themes were related to events of the daily life of the peoples or region such as one of them for the party of the harvest among others.
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