The birth of the media the radio in Colombia
On April 12, 1923, as part of the official inauguration ceremony of the new Telecommunications Station, Colombian President Pedro Nel Ospina, sent radio messages to the American president of that time, Warren Hearding, the king of England, George V, and Guillermo Marconi. In his personal response to the Colombian president, Marconi said:
Excellency Mr. President: When opening the station that today puts Colombia in wireless communication with the capital of the British empire and with the rest of the world, it is a reason for special complacency for the inventor of the system to have contributed to the greatest approach of that young and richnation to the great currents of civilization. (Ferreira and Straubhaar, 1988)
Then, in 1925, Wilson White, technician of the Colombian Radio Company, accompanied by Ministers Francisco Carbonel and Laureano Gómez, made a new transmission. "The program included four musical pieces performed by artists from the capital, a greeting from the company’s director and the reading of a poem" (Pérez and Castellanos, 1998, PG.44).
The versions about the origin of the radio in Colombia collide between Barranquilla and Bogotá, each of them has some truth, because in both cities there is the genesis of this media. In Bogotá there were the first efforts in the government of Miguel Abadía Méndez, the conservative politician who was in power between 1926 and 1930. Several low frequency receptors and transmitters had reached the country around 1923, approaching and putting on the table the creation of peripheon transmitters that had reached other corners of the world for a couple of five years (Osorio, 20219).
The journalist and architect José de Jesús García were appointed in 1926 as Minister of Correos y Telegrafos. Under his ministry, Decree N was issued.° 1.182 On June 18, 1928, in which the conditions were established for the Government to grant the necessary permits for the installation of the peripheon transmitting stations (Osorio, 2019).
On December 8, 1929, Barranquilla’s voice was aired and on January 14, 1930 HKC;The rise of the stations looked like a lucrative business. Also, as Osorio points out, the fact that the radio is an immediate medium caused a certain preference on the part of the people and competition for other media (2019).
Osorio (2019), affirms that when the writer Daniel Samper Ortega assumed the direction of the HJN, the viewer wrote an editorial that is precise to understand the role that was awarded to the radio: “Oriented with a reasonable criterion that alternates the meaningPractical and good taste, radiodifusor stations can perform in the development of the country’s culture as an important role as that of schools and universities;And perhaps more enjoyable than these, especially in working classes, which do not have money or time to attend education, officers or individual establishments, the radio fills a didactic mission whose beneficial reach we could hardly meditate ”.
This was precisely one of the achievements of the radio in Colombia: to bring education and culture closer to all social classes, erecting, perhaps, a way of educating much more democratic, than although utopian and finally uncertain achieved a scope that previous decadeshad not been observed.
The appearance of Radio Sutatenza, in 1947, and of the HJCK, in 1950, respectively, reaffirmed that purpose of the radio to democratize education and culture. His efforts to incline the contents towards an integral formation of the listeners were reflected in pedagogical exercises associated with literacy and reading, which interested an important number of people for language and arts as identity channels.
In 1944 71 stations had already been created in 27 urban centers. Twelve in Bogotá, nine in Medellín, nine in Barranquilla, seven in Cali, four in Pereira, three in Armenia, two in Buga, Bucaramanga, Cartagena, Manizales, Popayán and Santa Marta, and one in Buenaventura, Calarcá, Cartago, Cúcuta,Girardot, Ibagué, Jericho, Neiva, Palmira, Pasto, Sincelejo, Sonsón, Quibdó, Tuluá and Villavicencio.
The Colombian radial chain (Caracol), founded in 1948 by William Gil Sánchez, and the Radio Cadena Nacional (RCN), founded by Roberto and Enrique Ramírez Gaviria and Rudesindo Echavarría in 1951, emerged as commercial societies that were composed of several stations and whichBecause of their business power, important trends began to establish programming content and grills on the radio scenario.
As an inescapable event, many of the media, in this case of the radio, emerged from the support of large economic groups or state sectors. Thus, in one way or another, the programming of many of the stations was subject to, for better or worse, to the interests of their owners. Hence the importance of the arrival of public broadcasters, community broadcasters who were not born being part of the establishment and the official.[Footnoteref: 1] [1: Osorio G. Tune in the origin of the radio in Colombia. El Espectador, 2019.]
Osorio, ends his research with the following:
The radio has been the first contact of the citizen with the news, perhaps we could attribute to the radio the bad habit, but also the unavoidable need, of immediacy, of curiosity for first -hand information, by the voices and testimonies of the testimonies ofHistorical events. The radio has built another mode of literature, also other leisure spaces raised in music that moves fibers and evokes torn shouts;In satire to an increasingly raptor policy and a society that reaffirms in the indolent. From the radio you can say a lot, and its history too, and it is not necessary to say it, because it will be in charge of remembering and spreading it through the microphones and waves that broke borders and also some paradigms (Osorio A., 2019)
Conclusions
The radio marked a new beginning of the media in Colombia as in other countries;In this, particularly, he had immediate connection with people, not just for being a new and novel medium;but because with him it was also sought to provide culture, education to the population.
Bibliography
- Ferreira Leonardo & Straubhaar Joseph. (1988). Journal of Popular Culture (22.A ed., Vol. Recovered from https: // search.Proquest.com/OpenView/DCA6E5E2FB41D3F47F25988FA1374BCA/1?PQ-ORIGSITE = GSCHOLAR & CBL = 1819044
- PDF Document (S.F.). Retrieved from https: // historiadelperiodismo1.Files.WordPress.com/2013/04/la-History-of-the-Radium-in-Colombia.PDF
- Osorio Guillot, Andrés. (2019). Tune in the origin of the radio in Colombia. Recovered from https: // www.the viewer.com/entertainment/media/tuning-the-origen-of-the-radio-in-colombia-articulo-879641
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