Terrorism and its victims in world history
Introduction.
Terrorism exists decades ago, however, it has suffered immense transformations according to the historical period, social, cultural and political periods that have brought different eras. Likewise, we have learned that terrorist groups come and go, can dissolve when their actions fail to inspire others, and can evolve, driven by globalization, giant technological and military advances in recent times, the use of the Internet, the Internet, thereligious and political fanaticism, the financing of terrorist groups by other entities outside the law, among other factors.
Developing.
There are several models to historically analyze modern terrorism. One of the most important is Raport’s model, which states that it is possiblewhich were similar in different regions of the world and had a similar formation and end.
According to the author, the origin of modern terrorism dates back to the end of the 19th century in Russia, with the "anarchist wave", which arises from ambivalence and hostility against social conventions and was characterized by the murders of prominent officers, monarchs,Presidents and Prime Ministers. Subsequently, the second or "anticolonial" appears, which begins around 1920, after the Treaty of Versailles, which concludes World War I.
The colonized nations questioned and claimed the right of self-determination against current empires. Forty years later the third wave would appear, the "new-left", driven by the triumph of the rudimentary Vietnamese troops "Viet-Conong on the American supremacy, here the bombings and kidnappings take strength. The kidnapping later becomes a source of financing. During this period terrorism appears in Latin America, with the formation of guerrillas and armed groups such as Tupac Amaru and Shining Path in Peru.
During this time some events are stressed such as the taking of the Nicaraguan Congress at the hands of a Sandinista group, a few months before the kidnapping and murder of the Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro in 1978. Subsequently, in 1985, the taking of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá for the M-19, a Colombian urban guerrillas, which resulted in the death of more than one hundred people including magistrates, public servants, civil and combatants. Some leftist groups currently persist in countries like Colombia.
This wave ends around 1980, when revolutionary terrorists lose strength in many countries, to give way to the fourth wave, the "religious wave", where terrorist acts are perpetrated by groups driven by excessive religious and ethnic cell. In the center of this wave is the Islamic State, who introduce a new way to create terror, through suicide bombs.
The terrorist groups are magnified and extend worldwide, for example, it is estimated that Al-Qaeda came to have more than 5000 members in more than 70 countries. The main historical moment of this wave were the 9/11 attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, where more 3000 thousand people died and another 6000 were injured. According to Raport’s model, each wave lasts approximately 40 years, that is, the fourth wave would be ending around 2020 or 2025, when we probably face ourselves, or perhaps we are beginning to face a fifth wave of terrorism.
Other authors affirm that terrorism must be lying through strains or classes, rather than waves, since understanding the history of terrorism from "waves" only allows us to understand changes in terrorist violence through historical tendencies and events, whilethat approach as strains allows us to understand how terrorist groups are based on lessons learned through history for the development of their tactics, strategies and objectives.
These strains can be identified over time, although they have had some predominance according to the historical period we have lived. From this approach, four strains or "riders" are identified, as the author calls them;Nationalism, socialism, religious extremism and social exclusion. In Colombia, history has not been very different, however, modern terrorism in our country has gone hand in hand with the armed conflict that has hit the national territory for years. Most terrorist attacks in Colombia are and have been perpetrated by no more than five terrorist groups in the last 100 years.
Towards the mid -twentieth century, in Colombia, mainly in its rural area, a feeling of uncertainty and chaos predominated, given by confusion and political radicalism, the absence of state, social gloom and hopelessness. This sensation, added to the international historical moment, produced that, in Colombia, as in other Latin American countries, leftist or communism movements that would bring a new hope of political and social transformation would be promoted. These movements saw violence as the only means of prospering in a traditional, centralist and away country.
Conclusions.
Subsequently, the economic and ideological support of the Soviet Union (USSR) appears to these groups, which were increasingly formed, more trained and with greater war capacity. Later, there is an era of "economic bonanza" in the country, given by the rise of the drug trafficking business, which they knew how to take advantage of terrorist groups for their financing, and has been one of the main factors involved in the perpetuation of the conflict andThe sustainability of groups outside the law. In this chapter we count some terrorist incidents of recent times, highlighting the technical aspects, the context under which the mortality and injury profile, the attention to the injured, the management of the victims and some reflections on whatoccurred. Finally, we highlight what they learned from these tragic stories, in order to prevent future attacks, injured and dead.
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