Take actions and precautions to a disaster
Introduction
It constitutes an intermediate phase between the preparation and the response, it is that it is defined as a declared state of attention, with the purpose of taking the necessary precautions, because the event occurs as it does not do so. In this phase it is also important to notify of an emergency or disaster already occurred. First response and comprehensive attention to the population. For this phase the following stages are considered: activation and deployment of resources and capacities. It is the response stage evaluating the situation and having priority the deployment, allocation of resources and capacities.
Developing
First response actions. This stage has as a priority the tasks of search, rescue and rescue, including humanitarian aid and comprehensive attention to the population. Demobilization. At this stage the deployment of resources and capacities for better coordination is disabled. This will allow the closure of the emergency, therefore, the actions and review of stocks will be evaluated to return to the cycle. Early rehabilitation. It is a transition phase between the culmination of response actions and start of recovery actions. For this phase the following stages are considered: rehabilitation measures: this phase is oriented to recovery.
The gradual restoration of living conditions, the infrastructure and safety of the affected areas. RESTORATION OF BASIC SERVICES: It is the rehabilitation of basic services within a short term. Prioritization and allocation of rehabilitation resources: At this stage there is the evaluation of the damages caused and the needs. Security zones for emergency equipment, relief and first responders. Impact zones and security perimeters in an adverse event. The impact zones are those areas in which there is affectation and needs assistance that will not only be able to provide emergency and first response equipment.
The impact zones that can be declared are: Calamity Zone, Control Zone, Restricted Access Zone. General Area of Event Affectation Controlled Access to Emergency Units, Humanitarian Equipment and Residents in the affected areas Limited access to response and humanitarian equipment. Plan activation: This occurs before the occurrence of an emergency, disaster or catastrophe is of natural or anthropic origin that is considered a high -risk event for the population. Activation is also established through the following considerations.
Emergencies that due to its characteristic (moderate – high complexity) imply an activation of the emergency operations committee at its different territorial levels, respectively and according to the case. • Disasters and catastrophes, with direct activation of the National Operations Committee without prejudice to the COE at their different levels, in addition to the activation of the respective emergency and contingency plans in the affected jurisdictions. Risk management characteristics: Disaster risk occurs of unsustainable use and occupation processes of the Ecuadorian territory, that is, the exploitation of natural resources and their protection cooperates in environmental sustainability and disaster risk management.
Risk management is based on three processes: Risk knowledge: the identification of possible scenarios is given before a risk, as well as the evaluation, analysis, monitoring and monitoring of the risk, also communication to promote consciousness that helps Risk reduction. Risk reduction: it is the intervention aimed at reducing existing risks in order to avoid a new risk to the territory, that is, they are mitigation and prevention measures that are adopted in order to reduce the threat, exposure and vulnerability of people also infrastructure.
Environmental resources to minimize damage and losses in case of dangerous events. Disaster Management: It is the preparation against an emergency, the preparation for post – disaster recovery is to say rehabilitation and recovery after disaster. An emergency and evacuation plan is one that anticipates and provides a series of planned and organized steps to reduce the number of human deaths caused by natural disaster. The evacuation plan consists of two fundamental elements which are: the written part and the graphic part. Written part: risk assessment: the risks that exist in each of the areas will be evaluated.
The parts that come to be safe to protect themselves in case of a catastrophe. Action plan: an evacuation plan for each of the events will be carried out. Implementation: All information will be given to each of the establishments, cities, schools and among others; On the steps to be performed when a natural disaster occurs and practices will be carried out simulating the evacuations for each of the adverse events. Graphic part: All views of each of the spaces, both external and internal will be examined. Manifesting the following aspects: evacuation outputs. Safe road plan and indicator to get safe at the evacuation exit.
Position of the main electrical switches. Location of: fire extinguishers, hydrants, fire areas, medicine kit, among others. Location of alarm systems, to alert that a supernatural event has begun. Fires (evacuation plan). Forest Fire: Before a forest fire: If the day is dry, avoid bonfires. If fires are made, observe that there are not: trees, dry grass, sticks, branches among other materials. Avoid throwing bottles, especially glass that causes a magnifying glass to the sun’s rays. Not neglect. If you smoke, properly turn off cigarette butts.
If a pasture is going to be burned to ask the fire department for help. During a forest fire: abandon the place if you see that a forest fire has begun. If you are trapped and you have no way out and have a phone at hand, communicate immediately with the 9-1-1 system and ask for help. Be attentive to alerts and perform each of the steps indicated by those in charge of the evacuation. Use mask to avoid inhalation of outside particles. Address carefully and responsibility for evacuation routes. Go to an area where smoke levels are lower.
Avoid passing through burning trees, smoking debris, and carbonized plants that cause injuries or death. After a forest fire: cut the trunks that have suffered the fire. To end the embers, throw earth. Listen to the authorities to know if it is safe to return to the place. Use the mask to continue avoiding foreign particles. Fires in buildings or other establishments: before a fire, in an establishment: keep the fuel outdoor air. Easy combustion materials should be located far from devices, which cause them to exploit.
Check if electricity cables are in good condition. Do not overload plugs. Do not connect more than a heat artifact in a outlet. During a fire, in an establishment: go to the exit places, stairs or marked exhaust routes, to reach the outside of the establishment. Ask for help at 9-1-1 or the Fire Department. Keep calm until the aid comes. Check that all people evacue and leave the fire site mainly: children, disabled, pregnant women and older adults. Make a single row to start evacuating, but walking quickly.
conclusion
If smoke is moving crawling, covering his mouth and nose with a cloth, handkerch. If you can’t seek help to go to the windows and request help. Approach the windows and open them so that pure air can breathe. Do not carry objects that prevent you from moving comfortably and quickly to you or others to a safe place. Once the place should not return, since the fire spreads quickly. After a fire, in an establishment: use the mask to avoid the particles in the air. Wait for the order, to be able to enter the establishment again. Hydrate. Check if you have not suffered any burn.
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