Synthesis of smoking and periodontal disease
What is tobacco? Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from Nicotiana Tabacum leaves. It is consumed in several ways, of which the main is the combustion that produces the smoke that is inhaled when smoking.
This habit tends to offend many people since tobacco not only causes diseases in the mouth, it also has repercussions on our personal hygiene since it causes bad breath, bad smell in perspiration, marks in the hands and symptoms of dependence, not to mentionthat bothers people around and aspire the smoke exhaled by the smoker patient. The products contained in these cigarettes can cause a lot.
As we had said tobacco (cigarettes) it has repercussions, but not all of these are in sight of the human eye. Tobacco makes the normal interactions of the guest and bacteria altered by the change of the plate compound and therefore anteritations in the guest responses or changes in the harmful of bacteria or both. The most prevalent bacteria in periodontitis of a smoking patient are Forsytus bacteroids and is very likely to house Forsythia.
Cigarette can damage body cells as an example: it affects fibroblasts due to the combustion of more than 7000 chemicals, the final effect of fibroblasts is cytotoxity that is the fall in the activities of renewal, repair and regeneration of tissuesgingival and periodontolales, neutrophils being affected their chemotactic function, etc. Similarly smoking affects inflammatory and healing processes, the cell proliferative response and fibroblasts migration are altered. The more cigarettes, the more probability of suffering periodontitis. All defenses mechanisms are uncontrolled when consuming this product which leads to developing the disease much faster and more of those compulsive smokers.
Within some signs that we can observe in a smoking patient, it would be the absence or decrease of gingival bleeding, reduced inflammation and greater proportion of small vessels, compared to patients who do not smoke. This means less blood supply therefore less defense.
In the oral mucosa, changes can be presented since it is where tobacco enters, there may be irritating and reagent changes, there are many kinds of injuries that can appear due to this practice, some of them are: candidiasis, thermal burns, allergic stomatitis, carcinomaepidermoid being the latter of the most problematic.
Having all these aforementioned consequences we would say that a patient with this smoking problem is more likely to have a faster development of calcified material in their teeth due to the smoke’s input and output, so this would help the gumIt will irritate and there will be a greater accumulation of bacteria in its great anaerobic major.
The periodontal disease of a smoking patient is normal to see deeper bags and greater loss of insertion than in non -smokers and former smokers.
The progression of the disease is greater and the recovery is very little since tobacco contributes to the slightest improvement.
In the same way, most treatments that are performed in this patient to stop periodontal disease is difficult and there are many failures among which are implantological failures since this treatment has twice as much failures in a smoking patient than in a non -smoker of equalway in surgical and non -surgical treatments. In patients who have the habit of combining cigarette with alcoholic beverages they tend to be more susceptible to cancer.
In these smokers we have to review the areas of posterior zone of the edge of the tongue, and floor of the mouth since they are areas that are very affected by the consumption of tobacco and alcohol and prone to suffer neoplastic changes
On another point talking about the teeth, the habit of smoking tends to pigment the teeth and restorations, especially compound resin restorations, these spots are more difficult to remove than those of coffee and tea, there is halitosis and it has been proven that the patientSmoker loses his dental pieces faster than a person without smoking.
But as any patient with periodontal disease we must put it into treatment so that it can keep its dental pieces. In order to perform a good treatment, certain questions should be asked to the smoking patient to detect his degree of dependence and thus be able to choose an adequate material, in the same way he takes the steps of the 5 “A”:
"A"
- Explanation
- To ask
- How much does tobacco consume?
In these smoking patients, manual treatment does not work as well as scraping and smoothing as well as surgical.
For all the repercussions that a smoking patient has we can say that they are patients who would have to provide more personalized treatment and control (where a therapy was instilled to be able to leave the habit), since they are patients who have less percentage ofHealing and higher percentage of destruction we must control it much more, but all this will depend on the positive attitude of the patient to accept the treatment and quit smoking.
In conclusion: smoking is one of the main risk factors in increasing the prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction. It has been shown that they have worse remission forecasts of smoking patients than those who do not smoke and former smokers, since the risk of periodontitis decreases as the years go by stopping smoking. This indicates that a treatment that can be effective to prevent or treat, is smoking therapy and indicates that the process that tobacco does in our periodonto can be reversed. The patient should be told the importance of oral, general and social interaction to quit smoking, since it is proven that both surgical and non -surgical treatment its improvement in periodontal treatment is very low. And if the patient does not attend the call to leave his habit because he is prone to lose his dental pieces at an early age.
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