Studying The Rhymes Of The Postromantic Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

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Studying the rhymes of the postromantic Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

This poem fragment was written by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, a poet that was considered post -romantic. This part belongs to the book of rhymes, written by Bécquer himself, but published in 1871 by his friends after the death of Sevillian a year earlier. Despite having been born in Seville, he went to live and study in Madrid and that was where he died. At that time the industrial revolution occurred and this made two new social classes created: proletariat and bourgeoisie. Apart, in politics there were continuous clashes between liberals (French) and conservatives (they defend the patriotic). Although some consider it a post -Romantic poet for being from the second half of the nineteenth century, his poems meet the characteristics of Romanticism. For example, the issues that Bécquer deals with are related to the disappointment or suffering that creates not being able to be with the person he wants, who is typical in romanticism. As it is also typical to use nature to describe or represent your feelings ("hurricane", "ocean").

The theme of this fragment could say that it is the disappointment and the pain that this causes it. As I mentioned above, these issues are directly related to romanticism, since the issues that create pain and suffering to the writer are typical. We can see how in this rhyme he tries to represent his pain and his suffering for having lost his beloved. In this case, the poetic issuer is the author of the rhymes, making us know their own suffering and the poetic receiver is anyone who reads the rhyme, because it is not addressed to anyone especially.

Starting with the external structure, this text contains three stanzas that are divided into three endecasyllable verses (11 syllables) and a heptasyllable (7 syllables) and is a rhyme. Therefore the major art and the minor in the rhyme is mixed. Apart, the last verse of each stanza could be considered as a broken foot, having seven syllables and being different from all others. In romanticism, certain freedoms could be taken at the time of the metric, that’s why we find this last verse. The even verses rhyme with each other (consonant rhyme), and the odd ones have no rhyme. The metric scheme is as follows: (11-, 11a, 11-, 7a, 11-, 11a, 11-, 7a, 11-, 11a, 11-, 7a).

Analyzing the internal structure of the text, we see how a difference can be made in the rhyme. In the first two stanzas (1-8) we are given the way of being or character of people. We can see how it tries to make a difference between the two types of ways of being. And in the last stanza (9 – 12), he clarifies that the two being so different was impossible for their love.

Based on the phonic aspects, we find that most of the sentences are enunciative, although the abundance of exclamations also attracts attention, to enlarge their pain ("!it could not be!","!You had to break or start!”). Apart also that metric license appears that was common in the authors of the time, with the broken foot. Analyzing morphosyntactic aspects, we can verify the use of nouns related to nature ("ocean", "hurricane") that were used at the time as a reflection of the author’s feelings. We can also find explanatory adjectives ("enhiesta", "high", "firm"). Mostly the verbs used are in the present or in the perfect preterite of the indicative and the people used are the first ("start") and especially the second ("eras" you had "), although we also have the third (" awaits " ). For the lexical-semantic aspects we find a repetition in the last verse ("it could not be"). We also find some epithet ("high tower") and a metaphor that is present throughout the fragment in the time of talking about people ("she is a hurricane", "He is a tower")). Finally, we have a parallel in the first and second stanza, since the structure is repeated ("You were the ocean and … you were the hurricane and …").

For all the aforementioned, this rhyme is a clear example of romanticism or post -romanticism for some. Besides, it is clear with the issue of love and with the use of natural elements, which is of that literary current and that being one of the rhymes, belongs to Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer.  

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