Study Of The Mirror Neuron System

0 / 5. 0

Study of the Mirror Neuron System

 

The mirror neurons system (SNE) is a brain cell circuit, which allows us to feel and understand the actions, sensations and emotions of others as if they were their own, which is conclusive in the manifestation of empathy, social cognition andThe link between one subject and another from mental and emotional approaches, as well as exert an important role in imitation learning. The SNE is activated in the execution of a specific motor action although also by observing that act or other similar by another person. This system is involved in how we understand the emotional states that are transmitted through facial expressions. The observation of a face that expresses emotions active the somatic-sensory areas that correspond to the observer. 

There are recent studies that suggest that this system allows to perceIf they were their own, which is conclusive in the manifestation of empathy, social cognition and the link between one subject and another from mental and emotional approaches, as well as exert an important role in imitation by imitation. The SNE is activated in the execution of a specific motor action although also by observing that act or other similar by another person. (Restrepo de Mejía, Arboleda Sanchez and Viviana Andrea, 2018). This system is involved in how we understand the emotional states that are transmitted through facial expressions. The observation of a face that expresses emotions active the somatic-sensory areas that correspond to the observer. 

There are recent studies that suggest that this system allows emotions to perceive and make it possible to imitate and reflect the emotions of those around us. Areas such as the promoter cortex are activated, the upper left temporal groove, the lower parietal lobe, the Broca and the amygdala area .They are also present in the previous somatosensory and insular areas, in the Senso-Perceptions, in the frontal cortex in regard to facial expressions and motivation, in the tonsil, in the insula, in the fusiform turn and in the orbitofrontal cortexand temporary for empathy. 

After the discovery of the NE in the monkey then appeared the idea that the same system could also exist in man. Humans understand and predict the actions and behaviors of others, and can learn by observation, but the brain base of these capacities has only begun to be explained through the discovery of the NE in the ventral premoTor cortex of the MacaCos monkeys, in the regionF5. In human beings, the NE have predominantly identified using electro or magnetic encephalography (EEG – meg), transcranial magnetic stimulation and brain images, and express themselves both in the activation of the motor cortex when a subject carries outthe observation of another performing a similar action, as well as in the recognition of the action and coding of the intentions that underlie the movement that is observed . In this way it was possible to determine that there were neuronal systems with properties similar to those initially recognized in primates, in similar anatomical locations. Two important neuronal networks were recognized. The first, in the parietal lobe and the pre -agent cortex plus the flow of the lower frontal rotation (parietofrontal system), and the other formed by the insula and the anterior medial frontal cortex (limbic mirror system)). 

After these discoveries it seems clear that the mirror neurons system plays a main role in imitation. This system has the ability to provide a mechanism that allows us to understand the action, categorize it, learn by imitation and simulate the imitation of the behavior of others. This system puts us in the place of the other, makes us emotionally and cognitively connect with the other.There are several investigations among which the one carried out by Marco Iacoboni and several colleagues. The book is supposed toIt occurred during the performance of motor tasks that were not based on imitation. This difference holds a clear involvement of the SNE in the imitation of acts that are part of the observer’s motor heritage, a fact that evokes an immediate motor translation of the observed action.

From an empathetic point, we can establish that this research has shown that the ability to communicate and relate to empathy with the other has its anatomical-physiological correlate in these neuronal networks called Ne. Due to this ability, the human being can share his experience both emotional and cognitive with the other and also predict and anticipate the intentions and responses of the other person, thus facilitating an adaptation in the interaction between the two subjects. The development of empathy allows greater and better development of mirror neurons (ne -“Mirror Neurons”) and these in turn, with their development, facilitate and enhance empathy.

The NE are the ones that allow, as a way of contagion, to perceive the state of another person either from the emotional as with respect to the actions that the other is performing.The discovery of these neurons would allow us to explain various processes such as understanding what happens in another person’s mind. They are especially important in the interaction between him and others, in the main characteristics that describe us as humans, which allow us to share the feelings of others. They demonstrate that, to understand the behavior of others, the brain translates actions, sites-perceptions and emotions observed in their own neural language. 

A disorder in which this deficit has been studied in the SNE is the disorder of the autistic spectrum (ASD), which is characterized by persistent deficiencies in social communication and social interaction in various contexts, manifested by deficiencies in socio -reciprocity-Emotional, deficiencies in nonverbal communicative behaviors used in social interaction, deficiencies in the development, maintenance and understanding of relationships. Presents restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. These subjects present insistence on monotony, excessive inflexibility of routine or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior such as anguish against small changes or greetings, show very restricted and fixed interests showing strong attachment for unusual objects as well as hyper- o Hoporeactivity to sensory stimuli or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment such as visual fascination for lights. 

Generally people with autism have a hard time recognizing their own emotions presenting difficulty of identification, since they do not know what is happening;processing difficulty, not knowing why it is happening to them;difficulty in handling and containment, because they cannot control what happens to them and learning difficulty, since if the same situation occurs again. In a study conducted with autistic and family children who simulated grief, fear or discomfort, made with 30 autistic children, they behaved unusually because they barely looked at the adult or related to him. When this simulated having hurt themselves, the autistic ones behaved as if the situation did not go with them and continued playing with their toys without paying attention to the adult. Following these results, the little emotional involvement that the autistic child and the null recognition of emotions can be determined.

Recent studies using different techniques, such as EEG or TMS, show that subjects diagnosed with ASD can present a deficit in the simulation of an action caused by a SNE dysfunction. Previous experiments carried out on healthy subjects, with typical development, determined that while they observed an action and carried out the execution of the same there was a suppression of the MU frequency of the EEG in the primary motor cortex. Oberman and Col measured this suppression of Mu and found that while the control subjects showed a suppression of a significant MUwhen they made a movement with their hand, but not when the task was to observe it. These results supported the hypothesis of these subjects diagnosed with ASDs presented a dysfunction in the SNE, and thus explain the difficulty they present to understand the behaviors of others. Hobson and Lee also expressed that autistic children obtained worse results compared to health. Hypothesis that was corroborated by the recent finding of Hadjikhani et al., where it was exposed that the brains of subjects with ASD show an abnormal refinement of gray matter in cortical areas that are part of the SNE, including the Sulcus ventral promoter, posterior and temporary superior superior cortes. 

The statement that SNE dysfunction is a causal factor in poor social cognition in TEA, is commonly called the broken mirror theory (BMT) of autism. You can distinguish three variants. On the one hand the evidence of behavior of weak imitation skills in ASD (Williams et al., 2004) combined with the putative role of the SNE in imitation led to the idea that SNE dysfunction is the cause of poor imitation in ASD and suggests that the failure of a basic self mapping in ASD could cause difficulties both inImitation as in other aspects of social cognition. Second, the BMT simulation version is based on the idea that the SNE provides a basis for simulating other people. The BMT simulation states that a failure of a basic simulation system in the SNE in autism would cause very generalized difficulties in the theory of mind, language and empathy. This theory predicts that the understanding of actions and emotions in the most wide SNE should be abnormal in tea. Rizzolatti and Fabbri-Destero suggests that only these mirror neurons that chain the action are abnormal in ASD, and that the dysfunction of these neurons in particular leads to difficulties in other areas of social cognition. These three BMT versions share the statement that SNE dysfunction is the main cause of poor social interaction in individuals with ASD.

A recent RMF study carried out by Mirella Dapretto directly measured the activity of the SNE in children with typical development and children with ASD, while observing and imitating facial expressions that reflected different emotions. "Children with an autism spectrum demonstrated less activity in the mirror neurons system compared to children with normal development," explains Dapretto. This lack of activity by the SNE during the imitation and observation of emotional expressions in the group of children with a diagnosis of ASD provides strong support to the hypothesis that a dysfunction in the SNE can be the origin of the social deficits observed in thePopulation with ASD.  

Free Study Of The Mirror Neuron System Essay Sample

Related samples

Zika virus: Transmission form Introduction The Zika virus belongs to the Flaviviradae family, was found for the first time in a monkey called Rhesus febrile and in...

Zika virus: cases and prevention Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed that Zika is a virus caused through the mosquito bite which is...

Zeus The King of Greek mythology Introduction Zeus is the Olympic God of heaven and thunder, the king of all other gods and men and, consequently, the main figure...

Zeus's punishment to Prometheus Introduction Prometheus, punished by Zeus Prometheus, punished by Zeus. Prometheus is a ‘cousin’ of Zeus. He is the son of the...

Comments

Leave feedback

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *