Study of basic psychological processes
Introduction
The human being is the only being that has abilities and skills that no other living being has. Indeed, these skills are all indispensable (basic) for the life of a subject and its connection with its environment. The way in which a subject perceives and interprets his world and his reality through what he sees, feels and thinks all this has to do with a system of internal brain processes to which he is called basic psychological processes that largely facilitate himLife and are responsible for their development, learning and survival.
Indeed, basic psychological processes are essential for our life, they are the basis. They allow us to perceive and feel what surrounds us;attend what is important to us;Learn aspects necessary to solve everyday problems;store and evoke what we need to solve problematic situations;And all this always marked with a strong emotional component. (Hernández, 2012). Human beings are privileged by possessing these psychological processes that some animals are devoid of it. Next, the most important basic psychological processes such as Sensopercept, attention, memory, learning and emotions are presented, responds to the analytical way within which they have traditionally been investigated.
Developing
The study of basic psychological processes constitutes one of the busiest areas within the field of contemporary scientific psychology, while it has always been persecuted to offer an explanation of human understanding through the mental levels it possesses, since when speakingof basic psychological processes we will be talking about cognition . Viramonte, establishes that basic cognitive processes are those that, such as perception, attention and memory, can occur without the conscious intervention of the subject and have a biological root;However, the foregoing does not imply that the subject cannot subsequently reach some degree of control and intentionality in its realization. (Villasmil, 2008). Psychological processes are capacities that based the senses for each of the psychological processes, such as learning, memory, emotion, language, attention, memory among others. Thanks to these processes, the individual can capture and process environmental information in addition to constitute fundamental elements in the study of psychology allow the person to become aware of themselves and their environment, they are at the origin of any behavioral manifestation and make possiblebehavior adjustment to environmental conditions and demands. (Hernandez, 2012). Within the basic psychological processes, sensory perception, attention, memory, emotions, motivation and other more complex such as language and thought are mentioned. These basic psychological processes are divided into two groups, on the one hand, the so -called higher psychological processes that are common to animals and man, such as attention, perception and memory. On the other hand, there are the lower psychological processes that are exclusive to man such as language and thought.
According to Matllin and Foley (1996) the sensation refers to immediate experiences, generated by simple isolated stimuli, the sensation is also defined in terms of the response of the sense organs in front of a stimulus . The perception process can be defined as the way in which the stimuli that are received from abroad are interpreted, through the senses, perception includes the interpretation of these sensations, giving them meaning and organization. The perceptual process consists to decide which of the different interpretations of a certain stimulus is the most appropriate in each specific case. While the sensation is the result of the activation of the organism’s sensory receptors and the intervention of the central nervous system that decodes the nerve impulses from the different sensory organs, perception is a psychological process of integration into significant units of certain sets of sets ofSensory information. (Marchetti, 2012). The sensation capture process is relatively simple and very automatic, that is, sensory receptors are activated based on the presence or not of sensory stimuli. Although the person can focus their attention on capturing certain sensations, we are constantly processing much more sensory information than we are normally aware. On the other hand, the perceptual process is much more active and complex from the psychological point of view;The person, such as proactive, seeks and structure her perceptions of her, implying at the same time cognitive, emotional, interpretive and evaluative processes that are associated with these perceptions. Thus, we could say that, while in the first case the person ‘captures’ passively sensations, in the second the person ‘actively perceive their environment. (University of Barcelona, 2020).
For Luria, attention is "the selective process of the necessary information, the consolidation of eligible action programs and the maintenance of permanent control over the course of them". For this author, the attention also has a strong relationship with other processes and consists of a kind of selection and organization of information that comes from different sources. For him, as for many other authors, without attention it would not be possibleAnd superiors, but it also presents itself as a kind of information filter .Luria distinguishes within the attentional process, and putting the dominance of information on central paper, three issues: volume, stability and oscillations. In this way, the subject cannot capture external stimuli to an unlimited volume, will have only one volume available so that in this limiting each of the preselected stimuli are processed and remain as dominant. Attention works as a information filter system, but as you have realized this process, it has a close relationship with other processes, for example, with perception and memory also the role of attention is also essential for the execution ofTasks There is no possibility of executing two tasks in the same precise way at the same time, necessarily the execution of both level casualties. If two actions (answers) have to be performed at the same time, the subject will have to select the task to which to pay attention is what is known as focused attention. Luria names two types of attention: the voluntary and the involuntary;However, there are some authors that include habitual attention such as other types of attention. In this section we will appoint the 3 types of attention. Involuntary attention is one that happens when a stimulus, by force captures our attention. While involuntary attention as a kind of instinct;However, in the human being, actions are manifested that are not related to instinct. There are authors who relate attention and awareness to voluntary and involuntary care;While you can consciously fixed attention to a series of sounds.
Human memory is the mental capacity that allows human beings the necessary knowledge to understand the world in which we live, and at the same time, it gives us identity, since we are what we are, thanks to what we learn and remember. Human memory is a fascinating and complex reality. It is the mental capacity that allows human beings the necessary knowledge to understand the world in which we live, and at the same time, it gives us identity … since we are what we are, thanks to what we learn and remember. Bartlett believes that the human being interprets the information based on his previous knowledge and subsequently builds memories. The mechanism that activates memory is the frontal cortex but there are other circuits involved.
Memory has three basic functions, collects new information so that it has a meaning and recovers it when you need to remember something, this process consists of three stages, the coding that will be the transformation of stimuli into a mental representation, the storage that consists of retainingThe data in the memory to finally use them the recovery that is the way in which the information stored in your memory is accessed. Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin developed three memory systems that communicate and interact with each other depending on the time it is captured and stored. There is a sensory memory records the sensations and allows to recognize the physical characteristics of the stimuli. The short -term memory that keeps the information that is needed at the present moment. Long -term memory that allows you to preserve knowledge to use them later. (Kundra, 2010).
Emotions are physiological responses that are launched to certain external stimuli and arise in response to the meaning we give to certain situations. According to Ledoux (1999), he says that emotions make us as we are "the understanding of emotions should constitute an important part of any science interested in the mechanisms of brain functioning and the mind. Undoubtedly, emotions are those that are in the flower of skin in every vicissitude and situation of our life there are constant events that make us reflect emotions and that are sequentially changing, through them we can express what we feel and that others can interpret it.
Other authors, such as Lazarus (1984), Ellis (1997) and Beck (1983), consider that emotions are a process where cognitions are the most important factor. The way the person interprets the situation (external and internal) will be essential to shoot an emotion or another. Of course, this cognitive processing is not always rational and conscious. But in any case there is a process where the person quickly makes a judgment on the relevance of the situation and its probable impact on itself. And after this an emotional reaction appears. That is, emotion is a post-cognitive process.
The limbic system is one that intervenes in the process of emotions through subcortical structures. Among emotions we can mention joy, sadness, fear, anger, disgusting.
On the other hand, language and thought are more complex functions of the human being, on the one hand language and thought is what makes us different from animals. Language is this capacity of the human being that allows to communicate through linguistic symbols orally, written or mimic, through him we can express, understand and understand the words and thoughts of others and make us at the same time understand. Thought to devise and represent reality in your mind, relating to each other. Basic psychological processes are important as they are vital for the maintenance of the human being and that connects it with their external and internal world.
conclusion
Basic psychological processes are capacities that human beings are privileged since they allow the individual can capture and process information from the environment with their exterior and interpret their reality, are distributed in two groups, the higher basic processes that are the venpercept,attention, memory, emotions etc. ;and the lower basic processes that are the most complex that differentiates the individual from animals that is language and thought.
- The sensation and perception are capacities that allow to capture that the stimuli through the senses and that these are received and interpreted
- Attention is the selective process of the necessary information, it is that ability to select and concentrate on relevant stimuli.
- Memory is defined as mental capacity that allows you to store new information and evoke previously stored information. Three types of memory systems that are sensory memory, short and long term memory are established.
- Emotions are physiological responses to external stimuli, they are mechanisms that help us react to events and situations.
- Language and thought are faculties that only human being has developed and that allow him to express himself and represent his reality.
Bibliographic references
- Villasmil & Yeriling (2008) “Perception, attention and memory as cognitive processes used for textual understanding”, Journal of Unique Arts and Humanities, Vol. 9, Num, Cecilio Acosta Catholic University. Recovered from: https: // www.Redalyc.org/pdf/1701/170118859011.PDF
- Kundera. M (2010) "The mystery of memory", human memory. Recovered from: https: // www.mheducation.ES/BCV/Guide/CHAPTER/8448180607.PDF
- Hernández. A (2012) "psychological processes", basic psychological processes;Third Millennium Network. Retrieved from: file: /// c:/users/computore/downloads /_psicologicos-part1%20 (1) processes (1).PDF
- Marchetti. P & Pereno.G (2017) ”Introduction to basic psychological processes”, Chapter 3: Basic psychological processes. Recovered from: https: // psyche.UNC.Edu.AR/WP-CONTENTENT/UPLOADS/2017/12/CAP%C3%8DTULO-3.PDF
- University of Barcelona (2020) “Topic 2.1. Sensation and perception ”, environmental psychology basic elements. Recovered from: http: // www.Ub.EDU/PSYCHOLOGY_IVENTIAL/UNIT-2-TEMA-2-1.
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