State, nation, national identity: in times of globalization
Throughout history we have heard in the subjective way about the concepts of state, nation and national identity, but that is really what these words so used around the world.
The State is a political structure generating rules through a constitution in a certain territory established through short -term events, the population must comply with the mandates and laws, also responsible for promoting the well -being of citizenGovernment, clarifying that the Government is the set of people who manage the State that is, they exercise political power. The need to create an organization such as the State is born from different social and economic power relations, for example in its beginnings with the development of agriculture as the basis of the food of ancient societies and then for trade around different territories, ofThere it is established that land tenure granted power, then the economic relations of exchange and finally the importance of centralizing power, this made two types of state emerge: the Greek polis were cities with self-government with an independent community. The empires were states that imposed their power in other territories.
As a history of the evolution of the State in Europe between the twelfth century and XIV, feudalism was born power system not only military but of relationship between the master and the vassal by setting a high level of identity and loyalty within its cities-states based on the social hierarchy, this period feels the foundations for the subsequent development of the modern state.
At the end of the fourteenth century the concept of sovereignty appears and the concentration of power in a single person known as king or monarch there came the end of feudalism
Between the 16th and 17th century, the absolute monarchy in Western Europe is accentuated with the following characteristics: concentration of power in the monarch, absolute support of their actions before God, mercantilist economic policy, powerful armies for its expansion and basic elements such as: the nobility, the clergy, the bourgeoisie and peasants.
Weber affirms: “In a modern state, the real power, which is not manifested in parliamentary discourses or in the proclamations of the monarchs, but in the daily administrative action, resides necessary and inevitably in the hands of the civil servant, the civilian and themilitary ”(Weber, 1918: 275).
There are currently the following forms of state starting with the first structure: the unit state governed by a single government extends its power uniformly throughout the territory and all citizens are subject to the same block of rights and duties. Federal State is territorially divided into other states that enjoy independence from the central state, each has its own Constitution and even the ability to create their own laws. Confederation of States Union of States that seed part of their power to a central power, each enjoys freedom to abandon this confederation whenever they want.
The nation is a set of people who have a way of interacting and acting through their customs, traditions, religion, language and political in a certain region, this has its implications, since many authors have emphasized force thatYou have the idea of making a community a nucleus from which decisions can be made together that legitimize life in society. It is closely linked to the concept of nationalities today starting in sharing ethnic or cultural features by a group.
The contemporaries of the independence on the other hand had several notions of nation first referred to the place where they were born, another that sought to distinguish a group according to the language and their customs which was used a lot to distinguish indigenous tribes, finally it seemsA political notion to designate provinces kingdom peoples that were subject to the same authority, the contemporaries managed the political and ethnic relationship separately contrary to the present. The French Revolution adds an attribute more to the concept of a nation that is to claim in the face of injustices that sovereignty committed, due to the despair of the people tired of oppression, an irresponsible mandate and ideas of the enlightened this fact that this fact was given toI undided everything that was fundamental before the world that we now know how Christianity, nobility and the king are, the consequences of this benefited the poorest, democracy will bring to France this will establish a new order in society, it will also serveas an example of democracy throughout the world.
National identity is built by a collective imaginary, full of common places, but which is exactly it is national, but you can build a map of values, memories, symbols that make the region characteristic to which we belong
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