Social norms and our behaviors
Introduction
Human beings are social beings since the beginning of the world. Many philosophers and studies have focused on analyzing how we behave, how we interact at the individual and collective level, which variables drive us;Anyway, they evaluate how interactions and why. At the business level, it is very important to recognize, analyze, evaluate and establish standards through the understanding of organizational behavior. But what is organizational behavior?
Organizational behavior, according to Jauregui (2016) and I quote, is the study and application of knowledge about the behavior of people at the individual level and collective level in organizations identifying those ways in which performance is more effective.
Developing
• Describe: detail individual or collective behavior before different situations.
• Understand: It is to understand why behavior, where explanations are obtained and improvement standards can be established.
• Predict: the results we obtain before the first objectives, allows the quality of intuiting what will happen in the future regarding the behavior of the individuals of the organization is encouraged. This allows to establish preventive measures that trying to develop an effective environment.
• Control: Once, the short and long place standards and goals are established, a process of analysis of the results and thus, taking corrective measures for the benefit of personnel and the organization must be taken.
There are several disciplines that support the study of organizational behavior. As established in the Ecu Red portal (2006), the disciplines that nourish organizational behavior are;Psychology, Sociology, Social Psychology, Anthropology and Political Science. They are then presented, with their main taxpayers and the contributions of each of them:
• Psychology: as established by the American Psychology Association (APA) and Cito, “Psychology refers to the study of mind and behavior. This science implies the use of psychological knowledge for any of several purposes: understanding and treating mental, emotional, physical and social dysfunction;to understand and improve behavior in various environments of human activity (for example, school, workplace, audience room, sports stadium, battlefield);and improve the design of machines and buildings for human use ”.
Some of the most influential figures in this discipline are the following: Wundt (1832-1920) is considered by many the first psychologist in history, as a pioneer in scientific psychology. In turn, another influential one was, Sigmund Freud, is known as the father of psychoanalysis although he is not part of the history of scientific psychology, but he is a reference in psychology in its broadest sense. Jean Piaget, has been recognized as one of the psychologists who has contributed the most to the study of behavior science and mental processes. This science is addressed to the individual and impacts areas of learning, personality, performance, emotions, perception, capacity, among many others.
• Sociology: this student science to the individual in relation to others from the social system. They have been great taxpayers to the study of organizational behavior. A fundamental difference between psychology and sociology is that the first focuses on the individual;while sociology studies the collective and how it interacts in the system. Some of the great thinkers of this science are;Auguste Comte, considered the most influential philosopher of the early nineteenth century, which to improve society should be studied in conjunction with the behavior of individuals.
On the other hand, Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) was a pioneer, in addition to translating the writings of Auguste Comte, developed deep analysis of the social behavior of Great Britain and the United States. Another great taxpayer of this discipline is Max Weber, highlighting that social behavior cannot be analyzed based on the same types of criteria, but must be one starting from “subjective meanings associate individuals to their actions, how they perceive and explain theirown behavior ". The areas that impacts this science is at the group level and related to intercoual behavior, communication, work teams, group dynamics, among others.
• Social Psychology: According to Pérez & Merino (2008), Social Psychology is that is a branch of psychology that studies the behavior of the individual at a social level and how it interacts in the environment of society, analyzing the social aspects of behavior andMental functioning. One of the greatest taxpayers was Augusto Comte, considered the father of social psychology, where he stipulated the positive moral concept.
• Anthropology: It is a branch that studies society from a holistic context, based on the context of cultural activities, and analyzing existing differences in beliefs, values, attitudes, behaviors in national and organizational environments. He states that some of the anthropology taxpayers are Herodotus, Marco Polo, Fray Bernardino or Frank Boas and which also includes Charles Darwin, Plato, Aristotle, among others. Some of the contributions are reviewed;Herodotus, is the father of history from the scientific current.
In turn, Marco Polo, known as a great traveler, highlights in his books the experiences of each tour and plasma the physical and cultural characteristics of the places visited. For his part, Charles Darwin is known as the father of the theory of evolution. The areas that impact this science is at the individual level and related to comparative values and attitudes, intercultural analysis, among others.
• Political science: It is the branch of social science that studies political activity as a universal and necessary phenomenon, according to the Ecu Red portal. In addition, he is responsible for establishing state theory, which is the main form of social organization. Some of the taxpayers of this branch of social sciences were, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, among others.
Among the contributions, Plato can be highlighted, procures the development of good governance and the ideal state, doing so by observing the facts from an experimental perspective. Aristotle For his part, I believe the first element of political science, considered as the creator of the historical comparative method. The areas that impacts this science is at the level of the organizational system and related to conflicts.
Also, Karl Marx, appeared in the philosophers of this science, Karl Max, who developed concepts related to the influences that the individual has in cultural, institutional, material or technical aspects. The areas that impact this science is at the group level and related to changes in behavior, behavior, attitude, activities, among others.
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