Sexist Stereotypes On Television

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Sexist stereotypes on television

Introduction

First, sexist or also called sexism stereotypes are social beliefs and practices, in which men and women perform certain roles, characteristics and behaviors, according to the conditions attributed to each sex, also, sexism produces asexual difference that strengthens social inequality, in which women are positioned inferiorly and negative aspects are highlighted.

Since, sexism in today’s society is manifested in subtle ways. "With respect to sexism, various studies propose that in contemporary western societies this appears as a manifestation of hostility towards women and evolves towards ambivalent forms in which manifestations of hostility coexist, but also protective or benevolent attitudes" (Rottenbacher). In this way, it is understood that in ambivalent sexism it receives its name thanks to the fact that it is subdivided into two components: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. 

Developing

Hostile sexism evidence stereotypes and negative evaluations towards women. According to Cruz, Zempoaltecatl and Correa, hostile sexism is composed of three dimensions;First, heterosexual hostility are hostile attitudes towards women, in which women are believed to use their physique as a power to control and manipulate men perceiving them as manipulative and seductive. Second, dominating paternalism, in which women are distinguished as a person unable to be self-sufficient and immature, so it needs a male figure that takes care of it.

Competitive gender differentiation, in which it is believed that men are the only ones capable of exercising public and power positions, however, women’s attitudes only for him. While benevolent sexism is the most subtle way of these sexist stereotypes, in which it is characterized by promoting the stereotyped role of women and men and the interaction that both sexes must play. For Cruz, Zempoaltecatl and Correa, the benevolent sexism is articulated around three ideas;In the first place, protective paternalism is the belief in the emotional and physical fragility of women, which demands the man a protective role towards women turning it dependent on him.

Heterosexual intimacy, believing that man in heterosexual relationships is the space in which man develops the greatest intimacy and psychological closeness with women;Finally, complementary gender differentiation, in which women there are certain positive features (purity, delivery and resination) that complement the male character. Second, the macho ideology is normalized with the reproduction and perpetuation of these sexist stereotypes that lead to a subsequent and inferiority of women in the face of a ‘male superiority’, since the media have the power to reproduce and disseminategender roles in its content as is the case with entertainment programs.

"Gender constructions have also been observed in gossip programs" (Cardona). It is demonstrated, the diffusions of these gender roles are indirectly normalized at the audience. For Vargas, sexual situations in entertaining programs are constant content. Women are positioned as a sexual object, since they present images and a language that only refers to the body of women: the text on the screen says regarding a guest that is very drinkable, and video of a dancer invited to the programwho was dancing and the camera focuses on her by sectioning her body. These representations reserve the body of women by reducing them to sexual objects that serve for the joy of male spectators and are subject to desire only for their physical attractiveness.

“Going from commercial to sexual objectification, there is talk of how women are fragmented, it is stripped of their identity and becomes an object and not a person. It is a sexist discrimination, found in audiovisual media such as films, television programs, commercial, among others ”(Franco). Obviously, in these programs the body of the woman is reified and this objectification is normalized, since the sexist discourse in society reinforces the belief of the woman’s body as a sexual object, in which it is normalized to make them "fulfilled" or referencessexual to the body disguised as compliments that have hostile consequences towards women. 

Likewise, the use of a sexist language in entertainment programs that positions women as lower to man and undervalued by not fitting in beauty canons is evidenced. According to Vargas, in the show programs reproduce a sexist language, which reinforces the stereotyped roles that compete for women and the belief of man is male by nature. "Men always lie and women should know: a driver tells her interviewee that she was surprised with a married man," unfaithful women deserve how bad it happens to them, and the driver says "he is accustomed to driving truck" whenA guest hugs the driver, referring to her weight. 

As is evident, this sexist language reinforces the supposed nature of the male man and the image of the submissive, beautiful and respectable woman. In this way, the woman who does not comply with these stereotypes is the subject of mockery and marginalization, however, the negative attitudes of men are justified. Finally, gender violence (physical or psychological violence) is exercised against a person or a group of people around their sexual orientation or identity, in which women are the most affected by male hegemony: “the violence ofGender manifests itself as the mechanism that is used when the superiority of man feels threatened, as a hegemonic position, or when the woman rebels against the dependency situation that derives from the subaltern position attributed to him ”(Franco).

conclusion

When the woman does not fit into the typical stereotyped role of femininity (fragile, faithful, vulnerable, sentimental, selfless mothers) are violated, since gender violence is another negative consequence of the reproduction of sexist stereotypes that impacts negatively directly directlyor indirectly the lives of women. In the show programs gender violence is reproduced and normalized many times in a subtle way. As previously mentioned the waters of the female body reducing it only to a sexual object is a form of gender violence, in which the sexual compliments that allude apart from the body of the woman are normalized, also, if the body of women is touchedThey are the guilty for wearing short or "provocative" clothing.

Vargas, describes how in a note of a show program justifies the physical and sexual aggression of a woman who frequents the stadiums just by wearing provocative clothes have made an endoscopy in the bar, spectacular, any amount of hands, says that sheHe thought they were going to rape her and that she was very scared, but good lady if you go like this a bar!. In this way, women are blamed for the sexual violence that has also suffered when a woman does not meet the typical role of femininity is satanized in these programs by qualifying her from any, interested, ridiculous and agreed to become victims ofgender violence that is often disguised as humor. In sum, many of these sexist prejudices are reproduced by the show programs, 

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