Revolutionary and civil war in Spain
Introduction
In this chapter we will characterize the historical context of the novel from several points of view. For first, we will describe the situation before the formation of the Second Spanish Republic and the Civil War Statillo, consequently, the political situation in the country from the formation of the Second Republic, the consequences of the Civil War, and lately, we will analyze the situation of society and the importance of Morocco such as the Spanish colony during the Civil War.
The Spanish Civil War began on July 17, 1936 and ended Franco’s victory on April 1, 1939. It was a conflict of two armed sides, on the one hand, the republican side that supported the government of the second republic, made up of the forces of the reformist and revolutionary left and, on the other hand, the Francoist side, the rebels against the government,formed by the forces of the counterrevolutionary right and antirrepublicana. However, the conflict was a demonstration of the problems present in Spanish society with the roots in the past.
Developing
Background of the Civil War
According to Graham, the situation in Spain before the outbreak of the civil war was affected by three key factors. The first factor refers to the development of Spanish society that caused several cultural conflicts such as conflicts between: modernized urban culture and rural culture of greater socio -economic delay;secular culture and religious culture;liberal-democratic or revolutionary policies and defenders of political traditions with more conservative and anti-liberal religious values;Unitary Spanish nationalism and autonomist demands;Traditional gender roles verse The new image of women and several generational conflicts.
Another factor is related to Catholicism that predominated in Spain in that period and influenced the people who had already rejected the authority of the Church. The third factor deals with the military issue. At the beginning of the century a body of officers arose with a rigid and intolerant political culture. Among the officers, the idea that politicians were responsible for the loss of the empire was disseminated, thus, they had no right to continue to govern the country.
Later Graham states that for existence all these factors, and especially for the third, it was crucial in 1898 when Spain lost its power of the world empire and with that also its external markets. Therefore, Spain was the need to modernize its economy, that is, ate of an industrialization process.
In the first third of the twentieth century, Spain suffered a rapid modernization of society and the economy. Sudden it became clear that neither the monarchy, nor the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera between 1923 and 1930 knew how to adjust to this situation. Doradillos asserts that the political system was not able to “adapt to the rapid modernizing changes suffered by the Spanish society and the economy in the first third of the twentieth century, a few decades of economic growth and very intense socio-social diversification”.
Although the economy suffered a modernization, we cannot say that it was an already developed economy. This statement is reflected in the state of the active working population. “In 1930, for the first time in history, the working population used in the agricultural primary sector had lost its secular predominance and only represented 45.5% of the total active population, compared to 26.5% of the population dedicated to activitiesindustrial and 28% of the varied tertiary sector of services ”.
It is true that it is an improvement in terms of the preceding state, but these figures describe a society that had not yet experienced the industrial revolution. The socioeconomic contrasts of society that were reflected above all in the composition of the active population played an important role. Brué consolidates that "the major consequence of the backward state of the economy was in effect the deep polarization of Spanish society".
As regards the composition of the population in Spain of this period, I brought it to approximate and communicates that, from the active population of eleven million, eight million of them their work barely assured them of subsistence. In this group they belonged "the agricultural workers, the workers of the industry and the miners and also the parking lots and small rural owners".
conclusion
The other group was formed by a million of the privileged people, rather, of the oligarchy. Between the poor and the oligarchy, almost two million average classes could be found, that is, of "wealthy peasants and small bourgeois of the most evolved centers" and also of industrial, commercial, financial, financial, artisanal and professional class classes such as for example thequalified workers classes.
Consequently, there was a conflict of interest between social groups. To develop industrial production it was necessary to create new markets and therefore reduce the poverty of society. This problem would be solved by impairing the rights of the landowner oligarchy that naturally did not want.
To maintain its power, the oligarchy had "not only with the classic methods of caciquismo, corruption and influence within the state’s apparatus, but also with the two essential instruments to preserve its domination: the Church and the Army". It is worth mentioning that the Spanish Church had a tremendous power in that period.
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