Research models
Introduction.
Throughout life there has been a number of situations, events, and facts that have been of social interest, whether they are natural, social, cultural, political phenomena and hence the need of people in knowing, knowing, knowing, analyze these different situations, therefore, it has been treated over time differentiating according to the type of phenomenon to investigate and also to which the person in charge of the study is coupled and thus carry out an investigation that has an endclear and contribution to society in the search for a new solution or if not an extension of knowledge.
Developing.
The study, through knowledge and research of what surrounds us, is of great importance;since its relationship shows us beyond a theory, being an effective tool for the structural help of the proposed research from personal perspectives. That is, a support tool for any experience related to knowledge.
This order can be raised in a hypothesis, since with the qualitative methods of research they help us structure and order research in all areas. Becoming research into a rigorous, careful and systematized process in which problems seeks. When talking about the multiple tools that exist when investigating, it is necessary to mention the different research models, which help us to do our easiest project to carry out according to our needs.
Basic Research Model
This model is also known as theoretical, pure or dogmatic research. It is based on the formulation of hypothesis with the purpose of increasing scientific and/or philosophical knowledge. The different thing about this model is that practical cases cannot be executed in any way. Some of the characteristics of this type of basic research model are:
- Use sampling with the purpose of expanding discoveries
- The acquired knowledge is not for instant use
- Discover laws that function as support for social alternatives
- The results are not sold
- Applied Research Model
It is definitely one of the most popular types of research models. It is responsible for applying the knowledge acquired, so it is closely related to the basic research model, since it depends on its results. Its objective is to strengthen cultural and scientific knowledge.
Applied research is responsible for transforming knowledge, which is convenient for the development of society. This model is characterized by:
- You need a theoretical framework
- He is interested in applying knowledge
- Look for knowledge to take action
- Its purpose is to solve social problems
- Descriptive Research Model
Among the types of research models, this is the basis for studies that require a higher level of depth. It focuses on data analysis, ordering and classification of an object of study or situation, to indicate its characteristics and properties in a general way. Social sciences use this research method to have a study of the study and observe the behavior of the subjects without interfering.
Exploratory Research Model
His work is to find all the tests of the phenomenon that will be investigated. However, it does not seek to find a conclusion, but to serve as a source for subsequent studies. This method has the possibility of establishing the research problem and finding the data that helps create the necessary questions. In addition, it is responsible for creating the hypothesis of the subject as a support for descriptive research.
The exploratory research model is characterized by:
- Your research source is the books and opinions of experts
- From your study you can carry out other investigations
- It is not an orderly research model
- Researchers must act subjectively and superficial
- Explanatory Research Model
This, unlike the other models, is not only responsible for describing the environment of the study phenomenon, but also focuses on defining the causes behind the study phenomenon. Its main objective is to use analysis methods to answer questions or argue why a situation.
The objective of explanatory research is to analyze the interactions of the study, responding to why? And he for what?, This is with the purpose of expanding descriptive and exploratory research, for this, it is necessary to have a high level of prior understanding of the phenomenon. Some characteristics of this model are:
- Expands the understanding of the study
- Offers multiple sources of information
- Predicts the effects suffered by the study by changing during the process
- Select study subjects in an orderly manner
Research sources
There are various types of documents that contain useful data to meet a demand for information or knowledge. This being fundamental to carrying out the research process. (Latif, 2018)
Knowing this cycle helps to understand what information is available at each source. Depending on the level of information provided by information sources can be primary or secondary. Primary sources contain new and original information, the result of intellectual work. They are primary documents: books, scientific and entertainment magazines, newspapers, newspapers, official documents of public institutions, technical and research reports of public or private institutions, patents, technical standards.
Secondary sources contain organized, prepared information, analysis product, extraction or reorganization that refers to original primary documents. They are secondary sources: encyclopedias, anthologies, directories, books or articles that interpret other works or research.
Research analysis instruments
A research instrument is the tool used by the researcher to collect the information of the selected sample and to solve the research problem, which then facilitates solving the marketing problem. The instruments are composed of measurement scales. The type of instrument is linked to the lifting method. They can be interviews, surveys, focal groups, observation, documentary, etc. Also, any research instrument is created thinking about the following actors, in order of importance: objectives, analysis plan, client, operation and processors.
- The observation: it is a technique that consists in carefully observing the phenomenon, fact or case, take information and record it for its subsequent analysis. Observation is a fundamental element of every investigative process;The researcher supports it to obtain the largest number of data. Much of the knowledge collection that constitutes science has been achieved through observation.
- The interview is a technique to obtain data consisting of a dialogue between two people: the interviewer ‘researcher’ and the interviewee;It is done in order to obtain information from this, which is generally a person understood in the matter of research.
- The survey is a technique aimed at obtaining data from several people whose impersonal opinions interest the researcher. To do this, unlike the interview, a list of written questions is used to the subjects, so that they are also answered in writing. That list is called a questionnaire.
- The signing: it is an auxiliary technique of all other techniques used in scientific research;It consists of registering the data that are obtained in the instruments called chips, which, duly prepared and ordered contain most of the information collected in an investigation.
- The test: it is a technique derived from the interview and the survey aims, manipulation, etc.). Through questions, activities, manipulations, etc., that are observed and evaluated by the researcher.
Bibliography.
- Latif, m. (05 of 2018). Creative Commons.
- Palomo, b. (22 of 03 of 2014). QUESTIONPRO.
- Ruiz, k. (14 of 06 of 2010). Social Sciences.
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