Relationship of knowledge with the use of contraceptive methods
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the use of contraceptives has increased in many parts of the world, especially in Asia and Latin America, but remains low in sub -Saharan Africa. Worldwide, the use of modern contraceptives has increased slightly, from 54% in 1990 to 57.4% in 2015. On a regional scale, the proportion of women between 15 and 49 years of age who use some contraceptive method has increased minimally or has stabilized between 2008 and 2015.
It is estimated that in developing countries about 214 million women of fruitful age wish to postpone or stop procreation but do not use any modern contraceptive method. Some family planning methods, such as condoms, help prevent HIV transmission and other sexually transmitted infections.
Family planning and contraceptives reduce the need to resort to abortion, especially to dangerous abortion;The right of people is also reinforced to decide the number of children they wish to have and the pregnancy interval.
Family planning and the use of contraceptives prevent the death of mothers and children, avoiding unwanted pregnancies. Allows people to have the number of children who want and determine the interval between pregnancies. It is achieved through the application of contraceptive methods and the treatment of sterility (in this note only contraception is addressed).
In Africa it went from 23.6% to 28.5%;In Asia, the use of modern contraceptives has increased slightly from 60.9% to 61.8%, and in Latin America and the Caribbean the percentage has remained in 66.7%. In Mexico, only 3 out of 10 adolescents use some contraceptive method.
The doctor Sigmund Freud, demonstrated the transcendence of sexuality in individuals with his personality theory that is based on sexual development. In addition to introducing the term "libido" as the energy emanating from all the activities of men. The Havellock Ellis doctor published a work called Psychology of Sex, which describes that sexual desire is the same for both sexes, in addition to rejecting that masturbation caused dementia.
Currently, young people have all the necessary information to have a good sex education, however there are currently unplanned pregnancies15, as well as sexually transmitted diseases.
This is related to the fact that the sociocultural environment and its psycho-affective perception influence the decisions and mentality of adolescents. Creating that he himself becomes a series of questions and above all insecurities about his sexuality.
In developing countries adolescents begin their sexual life at an early age, in addition to using any contraceptive method.Puberty is a stage in which the body goes through a series of changes, adolescents must acquire the knowledge that allows them to perform in life.
Family planning allows people to make well -founded decisions in relation to their sexual and reproductive health.2 It also provides the opportunity for women to improve their education and can participate more in public life, especially in the form of paid employment in companies that are not of a family nature.
At the global level, adolescents are a priority population for the health sector, sexual and reproductive health area. According to the 2010 Census, the population between 12 and 19 represents 15.6 % of the population in Mexico.
A study carried out in the United States of America made to white and black young people courage.19 While among whites, the opposite happened to the above.
However, regardless of their socioeconomic or cultural background, young people of black ancestry were more likely to have had premature sexual relations, than young people of white ancestry. On the other hand in women despite the fact that most of the respondents had initiated their sexual life, only a minority understood the risk of pregnancy.
According to a study conducted in northern Portugal with 400 adolescents, it was found that most used hormonal contraceptives combined in a low oral dose as a contraceptive method. In adolescence, most young people begin sexual activity and, therefore, must start a contraceptive method. In Portugal, hormonal contraceptives combined orally are the most used in this age group.
An investigation in Brazil aimed to understand the participation of women and men in the issue of family planning, understanding that as a responsible paternity action from the point of view of women. As a result, this investigation resulted in women are the main responsible for contraception, since they are responsible for the care of children, and men are seen as less involved in this matter.
During the last thirty years in Brazil the prevalence of the use of contraceptive methods has had a great increase, this is because man has increased the participation of contraception through condoms. The last ten years have been implemented to expand access to modern contraceptive methods, including the incorporation of hormonal contraceptives.
A study in the triple border region between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, determined the prevalence of adolescent contraception and sexual initiation practices being greater in men and in the age group of 15 to 16 years.21 As sexual initiation had already had, this factor was associated with gender, age, education.
In addition to highlighting that various movements and campaigns for reflection and awareness of family planning occurred in Brazil occurred in Brazil. Starting from the basis that family planning is part of the struggle to guarantee the right to sexual and reproductive health.
In the conclusion of this study, it is suggested that the promotion of educational practices aimed at the orientation of adolescents sexual and reproductive health be sought. This to reduce the index of pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents.
According to studies, it was determined that both men and women in Chile also show an early sexual beginning in addition to a decrease in the gap between genera, this related to the socioeconomic and educational level of young people. As for the contraceptive methods used by adolescents there is a prevalence of condom as one of the most used in the high socioeconomic strata.
In adolescents’ behaviors, according to whether we can find that sexuality is the social construction of a biological, multidimensional and dynamic impulse. That is, that all the experience that can obtain from sexuality is mediated by biology, gender roles and power relations, in addition to factors such as age, social and economic status
On the one hand for men, sexual conquest is a way to test their own masculinity. In the first place they are encouraged to think that their sexual performance is the sexual pleasure of women so it is valued as an effective male performance test.
On the other hand, women, their prescribed role is passivity in sexual activity, so they are not encouraged to make decisions regarding the choice of their sexual partners, if not to negotiate the moment and nature of thesexual activity, helping or affecting that they protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
Have a small family encourages parents to spend more time to each child. Children who have few brothers tend to stay more years at school than those who have many.
Some investigations have categorized adolescents into three groups to consider several aspects to recommend the most effective method:
- Group A: It is all that teenager who does not have any previous sexual experience, in which sexual activity is sporadic.
- Group B: They are the teenagers who have had a pregnancy, but the viability of the product has not been tested.
- Group C: Any teenager who has had a childbirth generally have a more regular sexual activity and a somewhat more stable relationship than the previous groups because they have already tried their fertility.
The World Health Organization (WHO) records 16 million women between 15 and 19 years old who get pregnant and about one million girls under 15 become mothers. In addition to complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the second cause of death among adolescents between 15 and 19 years around the world, in addition to annually 3 million women from the same age range under dangerous abortions.
Apparently prevention and education campaigns on contraceptive methods have been insufficient to memorize pregnancies and infection of sexually transmitted diseases.
The woman’s ability to decide if she wants to get pregnant and at what time she has a direct impact on her health and well -being. Family planning allows pregnancies.Avoid unwanted pregnancies, including older women, for whom the risks linked to pregnancy are greater. It also allows women to decide the number of children who wish to have.
It has been proven that women who have more than four children face a greater risk of maternal death. By reducing the unwanted pregnancies rate, family planning also decreases the need to carry out dangerous abortions.
WHO mentions that the main reasons why adolescents decide not to use any family planning method are:
- Little variety of methods.
- Limited access to contraception, particularly by young people, the poorest segments of the population or singles.
- Fear of collateral effects, which have sometimes suffered previously
- Opposition for cultural or religious reasons
- Poor quality services
- Errors of the principle of users and suppliers
- Gender barriers.
Due to the sporadic and intermittent efforts in Mexico to promote sexual education that lacked an integral vision, during this time knowledge in the biological fields of reproduction and promotion of sexual abstinence has been privileged all this leaving aside aculture of prevention, gender equality and reproductive and sexual rights.
The health indicators that adolescent data show that the lack of information based on revolving scientific evidence has a negative impact on them. Although there is currently an extent of extraordinary information, this information has limitations such as the fact that it only focuses on women, which reduces age reos and that only focuses on married or united teenagers.
Prevention measures To avoid pregnancy or the acquisition of STIs, a wide and adequate guidance is required.
The early beginning of sexual relations without proper protection exposes sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies that can alter the life project of young adolescents, according to the National Survey of Demographic Dynamics (ENADID) of 2014, 46.1% of the population of adolescent women aged 15 to 17 who initiated their sex life did not use any contraceptive method, highlighting that 16.9% did not use them because they did not know the methods and did not know how to use them, in addition to not knowing where to get them.
According to Enadid 2018 statistics, it gave the following results regarding contraception;In 2018, the percentage of users of contraceptive methods is 53.4% of women of fertile age. In 2014 this data was 51.6 percent. In the case of married or united women from 15 to 49, the percentage of users went from 72.3% to 73.1 percent. At the national level, the middle ages at the beginning of women’s sexual life is at 17.5 years, similar to ENADID 2014 (17.6 years).
In 2014, of women who have had sex, 65.7% declared that they did not use any method in the first relationship.
For 2018 this percentage decreased to 59.4 percent, reflecting these results, it could be said that the panorama is partly improved in the sense of use of contraceptive methods because at the increase the indexes of users, it is intended to investigate that it has to do so much the increase of these indices with thelevel of knowledge that they have and had the users before making the decision to use some contraceptive method since one of the reasons why they did not use any contraceptive method was their ignorance with 28.3% in 2014 but in 2018 it decreased even 24.1 percent.
Even when the updated figures are favorable, you still have to deal with the problem of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, which is why you enter this research project, you can open opportunities for nursing interventions that could be directedto promote the use of contraceptive methods and with this strengthening the prevention of the aforementioned problems addressing the issue from a first level with pedagogical and didactic proposals for adolescents.
Therefore, as a secondary result, help reduce the teenage pregnancy cup that at the national level according to the ENADID 2014, there is a significant percentage of young women among 15 and 17 years old who have some pregnancy, 9.6% of adolescents in this age group have ever been pregnant, of which 55.1% correspond to adolescents of 17 years, 30.1% to those of 16 and 14.8% at 15 years.
The vast majority of adolescents between 15 and 19 have sex without using a contraceptive method, while 45 new teenage pregnancies are treated daily by giving 16 thousand 494 minors in one year a year became mothers, this became mothers, thisAccording to the Guanajuato Ministry of Health (SSG).
Each case that is recorded in a teenager is a step back to the prevention campaigns that are carried out, it is a very serious situation in Guanajuato and the whole country, this is because it is a risk for minors due to the possibility of having a complication, becausePhysically they are not prepared to carry a pregnancy.
For its part, the National Complementary Health Agency introduced the mandatory coverage of contraceptive procedures such as the intrauterine device, sterilization, intradermal patch, vaginal ring and subcutaneous implant, the latter known as reversible contraceptives for prolonged action. In addition to having a great care on adolescents for the promotion that has been made because they do not depend on daily use.
In recent years, sexual behaviors of both men and women have modified this as a result of sociocultural changes, among which the progressive decrease in age for the first sexual relationship, so these behaviors constitute a health problem, they constitute a health problempublic, because they are exposed to risks such as early pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted diseases.
That method that the teenager and preferably both members of the couple choose, after having received a complete and detailed information will be the best in addition to being subjected to an exhaustive interrogation, a general physical examination and the reproductive sphere, taking into considerationNon -medical aspects, since these will fulfill the pregnancy prevention function.
In order or not to use its use, the user’s personal characteristics must.
Promotion The use of contraceptive methods during adolescence is a controversial issue, but evidence gives a panorama in favor of the dissemination and promotion of their use therefore in the family environment and by health personnel. The belief that there is an ideal contraceptive method for adolescents is a wrong idea, as well as there are medical reasons to deny the use of any considering only age.
The choice of some method must be voluntary and not conditioned by the preferences of health personnel, pressure from the couple, much less due to negative influences of parents.
It is very important to make available to the adolescent the broadest information of methods, analyzing each of them in relation to biological, psychoactive, socio -economic variables and the values of the environment in which they live.
You cannot talk about contraceptive and adolescent methods without treating a social approach to discuss still hot issues around contraception, especially in the context of youth.
The practice of contraception includes a series of complex and logical decisions integrated in different domains of life, in which an analysis of practices and representations about contraception, pleasure, sexuality, motherhood, and family are required, thus thussame that at the same time crucial material aspects are considered such as contraceptive supply.
It is written and discussed a lot on the issue of contraception, especially in the fields of health, all generally focus on having increasing access to contraceptive methods by women, or on the other hand the so -called failures in contraceptives,taken to express the difficulties that women go to handle reproductive life.
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